გერმანელი ქართველოლოგის ახალი ნაშრომი აკადემიკოს აკაკი შანიძის ღვაწლზე/ New Research by German Kartvelologist about the Merit of Academician Akaki Shanidze

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Date
2022
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
A new book by well-known kartvelologist prof. Heinz Fähnrich has been published in Germany; it is dedicated to the life and diverse activities of Georgian Academician Akaki Shanidze. Title: “Akaki Shanidze in service of science and Georgian nation” (Düren: Shaker, 2021) (Fähnrich 2021). Heinz Fähnrich has had much merite to Kartvelian linguistics and philology. At the beginning of his work, he was interested in archeology and was doing his work in this field but since 1960 he got interested in Caucasian studies and began to study it at Jena. In 1969 Fähnrich had his first dissertation paper (Promotion) defense; then he arrived to Georgia, became Akaki Shanidze’s postgraduate student and in 1971 he had his dissertation paper (Habilitation) defense at Tbilisi State University, in Georgian language. He translated Akaki Shanidze’s book “Old Georgian Grammar” (Shanidze 1982). He also founded the yearly German- language scientific journal “Georgica” and was its editor-inchief (1978-2006), he worked as the head of Department of Caucasiology (Caucasian Studies) at Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (1986-2006); from 1996 he is a foreign member of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, the author of many scientific works, among them, the dictionaries, also a translator of Georgian literary pieces and folklore. The new book by prof. Heinz Fähnrich introduces to the readers the life and work of prof. Akaki Shanidze, great Georgian linguist, Academician of Georgian Academy of sciences (1941) and describes his great merit towards the linguistics as a science. The book consists of the following paragraphs: • The road of life before the Doctor dissertation; • Shanidze’s scientific activities in the field of the New Georgian language; • Old Georgian language; • Observations about Kartvelian languages; • Researches in the field of Georgian dialects; • His works in Rustvelology; • Publishing of the Old Georgian manuscripts; • Researches in lexis; • Reading the ancient Georgian inscriptions; • Albanian script and language; • Selective bibliography of Akaki Shanidze’s works. At the end there is the list of works edited under the title “Caucasian series” in 1991-2017 (some works of the undergraduate german students of the Caucasiology specialty among them). In the introduction, H. Fähnrich remembers the remarkable date, the year 1968, when Akaki Shanidze was given the honorary title of the doctor of philosophy at the philosophy faculty of Friedrich Schiller University of Jena. The part in which A. Shanidze’s biography is given, tells about his difficult but very interesting and meaningful life; his merit in the comlex job of foundation of Tbilisi State University is underlined; in this part, the author also writes about importance of Akaki Shanidze’s first dissertation work for the Doctor degree (it was A. Shanidze’s work on the person marks of the verb in Old Georgian), the special work of the scholar done in the sphere of Kartvelology and Caucasiology in general, is underlined; his researches on grammatical structures, his great deal in the process of Georgian and Caucasian languages investigations, also in the job of development of the Georgian language studying within the school programs and at the Universities of Georgia are also precious. In the chapters of his book, the author discusses Akaki Shanidze's fundamental researches in the fields of the New Georgian and Old Georgian, in Georgian dialects, in rustvelology, in the lexical sphere, in the process of Old Georgian manuscripts’ researches, in discovering and systematization of the Alban language manuscripts, in proper reading and dating of the Old Georgian inscriptions, in Kartvelology; special attention is paid to the fundamental works: “Georgian dialects in the Mountain regions” from 1915 (Shanidze 1981); “Basics of the Georgian language grammar” (Shanidze 1973); “Grammar of the Old Georgian Language” (Shanidze 1976); “Sinai Polycephalion of the year 864” (Shanidze was the editor of this fundamental work) (Shanidze 1959), “Symphony of “Vepxistkaosani” (The Knight in the Panther's Skin) (1956), he also edited the Georgian folk poetry and others. The author underlines also Akaki Shanidze’s tribute to the studying of the noun and verb categories in Georgian, his great deal in work on the system of series and tense-mood forms (mtskrives) in Georgian verb conjugation; in showing agglutination and synthesis in the Georgian verb structure. Basing on Akaki Shanidze’s works, the author suggests 25 verb components (personal marks, marks of tense-mood forms, morphological markers of the verb categories – chains of prefixes and suffixes which can be separated out in the verb forms (e.g.ze-cạ -mo-i-čṛ -a, da-gv-a-tvalier-eb-in-eb-d-nen and others the like). Besides, prof. Heinz Fähnrich discusses in details the importance of the Georgian inscriptions in Georgia and abroad (the Georgian inscriptions of Bolnisi, Urbnisi, Ukangori, Palestine). In this part of the book, along with the great work by Akaki Shanidze, the important stages are shown in the history of Georgian literary language development such as main changes and gradual language formation basing on which Akaki Shanidze reached the main and important goal of phasing the process of Georgian language development. Tao-Klarjeti school is mentioned in his work with the manuscripts written there, also the activities taking place in Gelati and Ikhalto ancient academies, other places abroad where Georgian language educational activities are mentioned. Heinz Fähnrich's book about Akaki Shanidze is an a really important acquisition for Kartvelology.
Description
ეძღვნება თსუ-ს ემერიტუს პროფესორ ლელი ბარამიძის დაბადებიდან 90-ე წლისთავს/ Dedicated to the 90th Birthday of Emeritus Professor of TSU Leli Baramidze
Keywords
აკაკი შანიძე, ჰაინც ფენრიხი, ახალი ქართული ენა, ძველი ქართული ენა, ქართული ხელნაწერები, ქართველოლოგია, Akaki Shanidze, Heinz Fähnrich, New Georgian Language, Old Georgian Language, Georgian Manuscripts, Kartvelology
Citation
სამეცნიერო შრომების კრებული ქართველური ენათმეცნიერება VIII, თბილისი, 2021-2022, გვ.: 152-158 /COLLECTION OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS KARTVELIAN LINGUISTICS, VIII, Tbilisi, 2021-2022, pp.: 152-158
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