სურმავა, მამია / Surmava, Mamia2024-07-162024-07-162024-02-14თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის დაარსებისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია. თსუ 106, თეზისები, 2024, გვ.: 100-103 / Scientific conference dedicated to the foundation of Tbilisi University. TSU 106, Abstracts, 2024, pp.: 100-103https://dspace.tsu.ge/handle/123456789/2494The history of philosophical thought clearly shows that the issue of justice belongs to the number of so-called eternal problems, which, along with other similar problems, has given impetus to the movement of thought in this field (i.e. philosophy) since the time of the origin of philosophy. Eternal problems in philosophy, in turn, always imply eternal approaches to them, which, in one form or another and with different modifications, inevitably appear throughout the whole history of philosophy in the form of a kind of dichotomous pairs. For the problem of justice, the dichotomy of formal and historical-genetic approaches is central. The formation of the mentioned dichotomy was given a certain impetus by “David Hume’s guillotine” (“Hume’s principle”), which distinguishes and separates morality and reality (moral order and real order). However, the philosopher who took the decisive step in this direction was I. Kant. He distinguished autonomous morality and heteronomous morality, categorical imperative and hypothetical imperative, and showed the superiority of the formal approach in the philosophy of morality and law. He made obvious the fact that any different approach from it (that is empirical ones) inevitably comes to the relativization of morality (normative order). In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries alternative theories of justice, based on the criticism of the Kantian formalism, appeared in political philosophy, which all without exception shared empirical (i.e. nonformal) character. However, even in such a situation, the Kantian line did not disappear in the studies of the problem of justice. We will focus on the fact that we fully share the Kantian view that a non-formal approach to the problem of Justice in ethics, and political and legal philosophy ultimately inevitably leads to relativism. This result of a non-formal approach implies in itself fundamental contradictions and thus, it is a theoretical challenge to the study of justice that must be overcome. Therefore, in our opinion, the philosophical understanding of justice should be carried out simultaneously of putting forward the formal principle as the base of the whole construction, i.e. it is necessary to judge in the field of the qualitative difference of philosophical figure between value and fact, normative and real. However, at the same time, the approach mentioned above should be synthetic, that is, it should explain and establish the cognitive connection between the formal-axiomatic base and (even the most general) real principles.otherThesis