ქურდაძე/ Kurdadze, რამაზ/ Ramaz2022-11-242022-11-242022სამეცნიერო შრომების კრებული ქართველური ენათმეცნიერება, VIII, თბილისი, 2021-2022, გვ.: 108-113 /COLLECTION OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS KARTVELIAN LINGUISTICS, VIII, Tbilisi, 2021-2022, pp.: 108-1132346-8106https://dspace.tsu.ge/handle/123456789/1972ეძღვნება თსუ-ს ემერიტუს პროფესორ ლელი ბარამიძის დაბადებიდან 90-ე წლისთავს/ Dedicated to the 90th Birthday of Emeritus Professor of TSU Leli BaramidzeThe paper focuses on the use of the forms of the Georgian verb სმენა smena ‘listen/hear’ with preradical vowels უ- u-: უ-სმენს u-smens ‘he/she is listening to’, მო- უ-სმენს mo-u-smens ‘he/she will listen to’, მო-უ-სმინა mo-u-smina ‘he/she listened to’ and ი- i-: ი-სმენს i-smens ‘he/she hears’, მო-ი-სმენს mo-i-smens ‘he/she will hear’, მო-ი-სმინა mo-i-smina ‘he/she heard’. The use of these forms is analyzed from the perspective of teaching Georgian as a second or foreign language. The paper argues that the forms with preradical vowel უ- u- denote the active process of listening on the part of the individual/listener, who is concentrated on what he/she is listening to, whereas the forms with preradical vowel ი- i- denote the process in which the individual/listener is not active, hence, he/she does not concentrate on what he/she hears. That is why the above-mentioned forms with preradical vowel უ- ucorrespond to the English verb To listen (cf. Russian - слушать), whereas the forms with preradical vowel ი- i- correspond to the English verb To hear (cf. Russian - слышать). The above-mentioned semantic nuance is expressed by two different verbs in English, whereas in Russian it is expressed by two stems of one and the same verb. However, in Georgian this semantic nuance is expressed by two different preradical vowels – უ- u- and ი- i-, which are markers of the grammatical category of version and for which the expression of the above-mentioned semantic nuance is an additional, facultative function.geფაკულტატიური გრამატიკაქცევაქცევის ნიშნებიქართულის, როგორც მეორე ან უცხო ენის სწავლებაFacultative grammarversionversion markersteaching of Georgian as a Second or Foreign LanguageArticle