ვაჟა-ფშაველა ტიპისა და ტიპურობის შესახებ

Abstract

The issue of the type and typicality was raised in Georgian literary criticism-publicist letters and literature itself, with the development of the literary direction – Realism. Initially, it was related to the notions of many, characterizing and substantial; later, the understanding of individuality was outlined in the aforementioned notions, without which a fictional character was impossible to be created. In addition, the function to show the main essence of social events. An ideal example of the expression of the type appeared to be Ilia Chavchavadze’s Luarsab Tatkaridze and Otaraant Widow; while an example of the clarifi cation of typicality was the Foreword to Ilia’s Is a Human a Man?!; his principle of selecting one from the many. As we are aware, Ilia and Akaki established literary-aesthetic visions in the 1860s; created the whole literary environment; therefore, Vazha, who wrote his works during the 1880s, had a different priority. He was to represent the already created differently and to express his “I”. We discuss the type and typical environment perceived by Vazha, the definition of which is quite different from those of others and is uniquely Vazha’s; it represents the original way of thinking and verbal expression of the writer. In short, for Vazha, naturality is imitating nature and the more the type selected by the writer is close to nature, the more powerfully the writer creates the type selected by him. According to Vazha’s worldview – “We are within nature and nature is within us”. There are many animals in nature with human-like types. The writer tells us that they are also present in human society. The typical unites both dignity and weaknesses. A perfect character is artificial; he does not reflect nature. The writer perceives exactly that aside from a human, ideas, events, feelings, etc can also be typical in nature. Vazha applies each natural event with a similar condition and presents a feeling in human life and if the latter is relevant to natural events, believes it to be typical. Vazha’s literary views are not fundamentally different from those of the 1860s, although Vazha still expresses his thoughts differently and at certain moments exceeds the ideas of the sixties.