ქართული ჰიმნოგრაფია, როგორც საისტორიო წყარო და პოლიტიკური იდეოლოგიის ერთ-ერთი საფუძველი

Abstract

Hymnography is a sphere of poetic art that does not reflect historical events and national consciousness. However, in Georgian hymnography some historical events, the national consciousness and state-political ideology are reflected allusively. In this regard noteworthy are hymns of St. Shio Mghvimeli, as well as those dedicated to St. Abo, St. Ilarion Kartveli and the holy fathers of Mt. Athos. The hymnography of the 10th-11th centuries form the most significant stage in the development of national consciousness of the Georgians, since during this period were written the hymns – “Kebai da didebai kartulisa enisa” (Praise and glory of the Georgian language), “Betlemisani”, “Galobani satfurebisani” (Chants of resumption), presenting an assessment of the Georgian language and alphabet. Political ideology was reflected in the works of the 12th- 13th Georgian hymnographers – Nikoloz Gulaberisdze, Queen Tamar, Ioane Ancheli, Ioane Shavteli, Arsen Bulmaisimisdze and Saba Svingelozi, which distinguishes them from previous hymnographic poetry. Hymnographic poetry together with hagiography preserved information about the robe of Our Lord, among which the hymn of Nikoloz Gulaberisdze attracts special attention. It represents the idea of Holy Virgin being the patroness of Georgia, that is why the apostles were active in Georgia and the Georgian Church is Apostolic. Special interest deserves the hymn dedicated to St. Nino, preserved in the liturgical collection of Sinai, according to which together with the other apostles Christianity was preached by Bartholomew. This information is of great importance because it has not been confirmed in other works. In the Georgian hymnography the topic of establishment of the icon of Our Savior (Keramion) in Georgia deserves special attention. Ioane Ancheli touched upon the question in his “Galobani Anchiskhatisani” (Hymns of Anchiskhati). In the 1230s upon the request of brothers – Abuser and Vardan Abuserisdzes, Catholicos of Georgia Arsen Balmaisimisdze and Archbishop Saba Svingelozi wrote hymns dedicated to the Martqhopi icon of Our Savior. According to their version, the icon of Our Savior, Keramion was brought in Georgia from Assyria by St. Anton Martmqhopeli in the 6th century. The Georgian hymnography of the 12th-13th centuries reflected the topic regarding the biblical descent of the Georgian kings , which is one of the most important aspects in the development of the state-political ideology and Christian consciousness. It was exactly the most important basis for royal ideology, i.e. the dynastic state ideology. In this regard we review the twostanzas iambic verse written on the Khakhuli triptych of Virgin Mary by the unknown author, Tamar’s five stanzas iambic verse “Tsasa Tsatasa” and the seven line iambic verse “Kaltsulebrivta”. These hymns maintain the general ideological trend – messianic idea and anti-Islamic tendency typical to the epoch. Therefore the Georgian hymnography acquires the meaning of a historical source.