მარადიული სახეები კომპარატივისტული თემატოლოგიის ჭრილში

Abstract

Comparative literary studies are a highly diverse phenomenon in which comparativist thematology occupies a prominent place. Comparative thematology determines the artistic-aesthetic or historical-philosophical aspects of thematic material, presents thematic invariants, studies the evolution of certain ideological complexes or archetypal types, and analyses the peculiarities of myths, topics, and themes “wandering” in space and time and presents their variations according to epochs or literary and cultural spaces, etc. In modern literature, traditional structures are referred to by various terms: “traditional stories and characters”, “wandering”, “world”, “international” plots, “eternal types” and many more. These terms are successfully used not only in literary criticism but also in art history and the history of culture. The eternal characters that wander from one literary work to another, from one epoch to another, create a rich invariant arsenal of literary discourse and are united by many common signs. The most significant are high spirituality and high artistry, and their content capacity. They maintain eternal relevance in different epochs and different cultures, easily manage to cross the borders of national cultures, are characterised by polyvalence, easily move from one field of art to another, etc. Traditional plots and characters are addressed by almost all eras and fields of art. Every epoch has its own “repertoire” of interesting stories and characters. However, the frequency of employment of traditional plots and characters differs in different epochs, literary movements and genres. For example, there is more interest in them in ballads, poems, tragedies, classicism, romanticism, mythological realism, and less in critical realism and naturalism. Postmodernism is particularly productive in presenting traditional plots and characters, without which the “cultural landscape” of today’s world would be unimaginable. It can be claimed that the world has been living in the entrails of the culture of the postmodern world for the past decades. Postmodernism, in turn, is an important link in the chain of cultural epochs. The great interest of the postmodern era in traditional stories and faces is due to many peculiarities of postmodernist aesthetics, among which are defining postmodernism paradigms or basic postmodernist characteristics: collage, the use of double coding, the death of the author, the mask of the author, the ironic reassessment of old values, intertextuality, the principle of palimpsest, openness, centrism, eclecticism, hint techniques, citation thinking, etc. Comparative thematology is one of the most popular fields of comparative literature that can answer many of the most important questions posed in world literature.