-მცა (-ოღუ, -ოუ) ნაწილაკიანი ფორმები და მისი მიმართება ჰიპოტაქსურ კონსტრუქციასთან

Abstract

In the Svan language, which is characterized by both archaism and innovation, one of the noteworthy issues is the functions of the particle -oγw/-ow (-mca) and its relation to the hypotactic construction. According to the well-known viewpoint (Sh. Dzidziguri), the subordination and subordinating connection with a conjunction between the main and subordinate clauses reflects a relatively late stage of language development. This theory is supported by the Svan language data, as connection without a conjunction is still common in this language even today (especially in the Lower Baldialect, which is the least influenced by the literary language among the Svan dialects). As is known, in the modern literary language, the particle -mca appears mainly in phraseology, in fossilized forms, and in oral speech (tumca “however’, isemc “may it’d…”, netamc “if only”...). From this standpoint, the situation in Svan is drastically different. Obviously, the subjunctive mood forms of the verb (which substituted the indicative mood verbs with the -mca particle in Georgian) are also attested in Svan, but they are much less productive compared to Georgian, and the forms with -mca (-oγw, -ow) particle are still used in the screeves expressing the indicative mood. The functions of the analytical particle can be summarized as follows: A. In a simple sentence, like Georgian, it expresses the content of desire. That is why this type of phraseology (curse-blessing formulas, a vocabulary of toasts...) always contains analytical forms. B. It can substitute the particles of other’s speech; C. In a compound subordinate clause, together with the Aorist II, they can form a connection without conjunction. In the author’s opinion, two circumstances contributed to the preservation of this type of construction in Svan oral speech: 1. The presence of differences from Georgian inferential screeves in the Svan language, which contain the understanding of conditionality (suspiciousness, unconfirmed events) and no longer require relevant conjunction (rom “that”, tu “if”, tuki “even if”...); 2. Active use of the constructions with -mca (-oγw, -ow) particle in modern Svan speech. Thus, one of the important syntactic functions of the -mca particle can be considered to be the creation of a precondition for a subordination without conjunction; this, in the author’s opinion, is important from the standpoint of diachronic prospect, because it vividly shows one of the development stages of the Kartvelian languages, which is overshadowed in the literary language today.