ინფორმაციული სტრუქტურა: თეორია და იმპლემენტაცია (გერმანულენოვანი, ზეპირი, სპონტანურად პროდუცირებული ტექსტის მაგალითზე)

Abstract

The study of the information structure of the text implies the research of its correlation with the prosodic structure of the text, pragmatics and composition. The background of the information structure is closely linked with the research of the sentence and the thematic-rhematic structure of the micro and macro text. Such research has been implemented in almost every linguistic direction and school. Out of these, special mention should be made of the following schools: logical-grammatical and psychologist (A. Arnaud, K. Lanslau, P. Nicol, H. Paul, H. Steintal, G. Gabelenz, K. Boost and others), linguistic-systematic (W. Chafe, P. Segal, Bogdanov, Baranov etc.) and functional-linguistic concepts (V. Matthesius, F. Danesh, P. Adamets, J. Firbas, P. Segal etc.). The alternatives of the concepts of „actual fragmentation of the sentence” (V. Matthesius) and „communicative dynamism” (J. Firbas) are the concepts of “Formal focus” (N. Chomsky, R. Jakendof, A. Stechov, S. Ulman etc.) and the communicative-informational centers of the text (I. Torsueva, O. Lapteva, G. Zolotova), as well as the concept of “semantic predicate” (N. Jinkin, A. Novikov, T. Drizde, B. Stupakova and so on). Despite diverse research of the informational structure, there are several issues to be investigated, for instance: distinction of the theme, rheme (focus), transmission and their components based on objective criteria, correlation of the thematic-rhematic structure of the text with the hierarchical units, identification of the rules of distribution of theme and rheme in the oral text. The material of our research is oral, spontaneous text in which the speaker, due to the lack of time, neglects the selection and use of appropriate morphosyntactic means. In such text, much depends on the intonation. The transfer of the communicative intention of the speaker and its adequate perception by the hearer is based on prosodic signals. In the oral text, prosody is the means for the reflection of informationally relevant segments and identification of their borders. The articulatory, pausal segmentation of the text by the speaker, conditioned by the pragmatic factors, is the basis for the fragmentation of the text into informational-prosodic segments. These informational-prosodic segments are interconnected and also connected with the thematic-rhematic fragmentation of the text, its semantics, composition and hierarchical units. Our research also aims to identify the peculiarities of distribution of informational-prosodic segments in a spontaneous oral text.