მუსიკა და ადორნოს „ნეგატიური დიალექტიკა“

Abstract

The aim of our research is to discuss the "negative dialectics" of Adorno, namely, why Adorno called the new music “the music of denial” and how he considers the meaning and purpose of the new music in the universe. first of all is discussed the Gnosiological and methodological aspects, based on which we discuss the philosophical interpretation of Adorno about new music. In the philosophical view, the study of music has a special meaning, because without determination of the philosophical essence and general regularities of music, it is impossible to study artistic - emotional, ideological-contextual or separate expressive methods of musical art and complex understanding. XX century is characterized by particular difficulties, because in the twenty century enhancement of rational and technical tendencies impact music and cause dehumanization of music, due to which music doesn’t unify kindness, beauty and trust any more in the harmony as it was presented in antiquity. Rationalization in the music causes strengthen of “Logos”, which in the modernism is degenerated into machine, cold "ration", computational mind, but the Melos, subjective origin of music is neglected. What about technical tendencies, the use of technical innovations of music changes musical sonority, the modern musical nature express not the inner world, emotions of the human, but “intonation” of outer world. This is a new era of machines, technique, and electricity; consequently, the boundless possibilities of noise of iron era, machinery equipment were burst onto music. Hereof, it isn’t accidental, the changes in music caused as a result of strengthening of scientific and technical tendencies raised the nature and purpose for re-definition of perception and assessment of musical art. Therefore, it is even more difficult to define philosophical aspects of music. Thus, the theme of the given research is relevant, because the philosophical essence of music is the foundation of musical thought. As it is known, Adorno considers reality not in the hard given, complete system integrity but negation, destructive insecurity. In order to expose disharmonic and disagreed contradictions of the modern world. It grants big importance to the negative dialectic in the sense that the role of negative dialectic is to discover “false truth” in each positive. For him the philosophical thinking, art, culture, everyday social positivity, is assessed as the “positively imaginary”, the negation of which becomes necessary. In such way the negative dialectic gains the leading universal significance. Adorno specific attention pays to art, namely introduction of negative mood in classical music. He calls new to a negative music and notes that negative characteristics put it down and conduct in negative way “musical creativity” and the culture of music hearing to the dialectic absolutism and everywhere thinking and rejection in social existence to fix leading role of negation. Music in which the priority is given to the dissonance, as the expression of the uncontained chaos, vowels disordered movement. This extreme of the music serves to a particular aesthetics of music, which is directed to the same music all the beauty of the grounds for denial of the remedy. Becomes rejection of “obsolete” national genre sources; The Melos conscious deformation, and its put to the nervous leaps or atomic fractured structures; tonal unions, full retraction of traditional harmony, which was change complicated sharp and multi�sound complexes. Instrumental timbre deformation, the vocal art is experiencing deformation too; everywhere the negativity of the emotion causes negativity of the means of musical expression, and its destructive conscious understanding, which reveals the contradictions of disharmony and uncoordinated resistance. Thus, considering philosophical issues of new music, Adorno puts the question of new dialect about “establishment” and “rejection” in the music. For Adorno the establishment is characterized for the music which carries harmony, faith and eternal values, but he calls news denying music. In his opinion with the concept of “new music” the positive tone is incompatible – the establishment of the existence in its givens. The new music, in which the preference is given to dissonance, is considered as a disordered flood of the vowel, as expression of uncontrolled chaos, by this the new music express disharmony and fragmentation of the modern universe. Adorno believes that like a music, philosophy, if it really wants to walk in step with the time, has to cut off the ties with its past in order to expose the disharmony and uncoordinated contradictions of the world.