საქართველო და გარე სამყარო – კომპარატივისტული შტუდიები (ანტიკური ხანის გლობალური პარალელები)

Abstract

Multitude of the countries around the world mostly have the similar evolutions, some of them being vanguard for a while, then changing their status completely (i.e. first, Asian economic systems formed the vanguard, then Europe has become superior). They follow the same stages of cognitive development but pass them in different times. Some of those similarities (especially, the ones tied up thoroughly with a phenomenon of state) are checked here again within the different ethnocultures to prove reality of mostly common directions in cognitive development. And the way is as follows – from Primitive Communism to Protofeudalism, from Protofeudalism to Feudalism, and then – towards Capitalism. Only two countries have different way – Greece and Italy. It looks like this – Primitive Communism – Protofeudalism/Feudalism (quick shift) – I cycle of Capitalism (Antiquity, Byzantium) – Protocapitalism (decline) – II cycle of Capitalism (for Italy from the 14th c.). Graeco-Roman societies were alone possessing capitalistic visages, while Italy of the 14th -15th cc. has been soon joined by other European countries, having essence that of II cycle Capitalism. These two cycles are also object of observation now. Somebody thought of a state as dominated by a person or some persons. But most brilliant minds considered a state as a certain common agreement in order to keep lives, properties and economics tidy. To denote a state, they chose similat verbal constructions, either in Greece (country of I cycle of Capitalism), or in Modern Europe (countries of II cycle of Capitalism). Those verbal constructions are as follows – tØ sun llagma/agreement, treaty for Aristotle, common agreement for J. Lilburne and contract social for J. J. Rousseau. Genesis of a social contract came through unification of the clans, having the strongest clan as a ruling one. And strongest clan was nothing else but three possessions put together thus forming super-clan. Many cities all over the world called Tripolis are the reflections of this mechanism. Eastern Georgians (Iberians for the Greeks) had their capital Mtskheta comprising several isolated districts. Once in power, victorious clans refused the others to have arms. Lydian and Georgian cases are discussed. Sometimes, general term for a ruler is transformed into proper name. Again, Lydian and Georgian cases are discussed. Hittite seals have naked goddess sitted on a bull depicted on them.This is also the way how the Greeks presented Europa. And on the silver coins of Phasis in Colchis (Western Georgia) we have kneeling female figure, naked, with a bull’s head. Local amalgamation for Europa?! As for the Georgian proper names, both, Scytho-Sarmatian and Iranian worlds contributed much. Roman nomen was also present there. Many more parallels can be observed there. ex. Some of the European barbarians had two hegemons elected for a year from ruling clan, and Iberians for a certain period had two kings from the ruling clan with their power limited in time, passing it to the next pair from the same clan, etc.