პოეტური ხატების ბინარულობა ა. ს. პუშკინის „ქართულ“ ლექსებში

Abstract

In the poetic descriptions of different pictures of the world, binary oppositions are observed – a number of binary features opposed to each other, every one of which, respectively, has a positive or negative value. These oppositions can be spatial (up-down, sky-earth), color (white-black), social-categorical (male-female, older-younger), temporal (day-night, summer-winter), etc. “The role of binary oppositions, discovered in the 20th century, knows no boundaries: they are used in the range from poetic rhythm, which is built on the binary alternation of the smallest units of the language (stressed syllable – unstressed syllable), to the biological rhythms of day and night, winter and summer, and also cultural rhythms: idealistic culture – materialistic culture”. The duality of the poetic perception of the world, the simultaneous binary representation of opposite concepts, one of which affirms some quality, and the other denies, can be traced in two poems by A. S. Pushkin, in which Georgia is mentioned: “Do not sing, beauty, in my presence the songs of sad Georgia ...” (1828) and “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night ...” (1829). These two poems were written at different times, in different places and under different circumstances, dedicated to different addressees, but they are united by the word “Georgia”. With the coincidence of the main meaning of ‘country’, the nomination “Georgia” in Pushkin’s texts expresses different semantics. In the first case, the synecdoche of “songs of sad Georgia” is by no means synonymous with the adjective-substantive phrase “sad Georgian songs”. Here the word “Georgia”, on the one hand, performs a definitive function, and, on the other hand, receives connotative expressive coverage. In the second case, in a genitive phrase with the preposition “on” – “On the hills of Georgia”, this nomination expresses a spatial relationship, a place of action. In the first case, the nomination “Georgia” is connotatively charged, it is sad, in the second – there is no such connotation. It should be noted that “sad Georgia” from the poem “Do not sing, beauty, in my presence ...” enters into binary opposition with “happy Georgia” in the poem “Prisoner of the Caucasus” of 1820- 1821, in which a Circassian woman in love with a Russian captive “.. sings to him both the songs of the mountains and the songs of happy Georgia”. A. S. Pushkin so liked the melody of the Georgian song brought from the Caucasus to Russia by A. S. Griboyedov and the musical work by M. I. Glinka that he wrote for him the text of an elegy address to Anna Olenina, who sang beautifully. The mysteriousness and romanticism of surprisingly pure and tender “Georgian” poems by A. S. Pushkin are created by a special selection of words that merge, for all their binarity, into a single unique integrity.