Abstract:
It is widely known that forms of address are not syntactically
related to any member of the sentence, yet, they form part
of the sentence.
Unlike simple sentences or sentences with multiple parts,
special attention should be paid to the forms of address in a
compound sentence, in particular, we should analyze the following:
which part of the sentence does the form of address pertain
to? Does the form of address pertain to the entire compound
sentence or to some of its concrete component clause?
In this regard, the paper analyzes compound sentences
containing forms of address. The following cases have been distinguished:
a) Address forms part of one of the clauses of the compound
sentence and it is semantically related to all the other clauses:
დაწყნარდი ახლა, შე ქალო, შენს თავსაც გაუფრთხილდი,
სამარეში ხომ არ ჩაჰყვები dats’q’nardi, še kalo, šens tavsats
gauprtxildi, samareši xom ar zahqęvebi “Calm down, woman, take
care of yourself, you cannot follow him into his grave”.
b) Each component of a compound sentence has its own
form of address pertaining to the clause in which it is found:
იშრიალე, დიდო ვერხვო, იგუგუნე, დედამიწავ! išriale, dido verxvo,
igugune, dedamits’av! “Rustle, great aspen, roar, mother
earth!” c) One and the same form of address can be repeated in various
components of the compound sentence with the aim of
performing an expressive function. Such cases are chiefly found
in poetry: ქარო, მოიტა ატმის ყვავილი, ქარო, ფოთლებიც
შემომაყარე karo, moit’a at’mis q’vavili, karo, potlebits šemomaqřare
“Wind, bring peach flowers, wind, throw leaves at me”.
d) Separate mention should be made of cases when forms
of address are found within one component of a compound sentence
and are not related to other components: შენ არ გაი-
ტეხო გული, შვილო, სანთელი და საკმეველი გზას არ დაკარგავს
šen ar gait’exo guli, švilo, santeli da sak’meveli gzas ar dak’argavs
“Don’t be disappointed, child, a candle and incense are never
burnt in vain”.
The paper has been implemented within the framework of a
project “Information Structure and the Hypotactic Patterns of
Kartvelian Languages”, FR-21-352, financed by Shota Rustaveli
National Science Foundation.
