ბორის ეიხენბაუმის ერთი მნიშვნელოვანი ნაშრომის შესახებ

Abstract

The period from the end of the 19th century up to the beginning of the 20th century must be considered extremely important in the history of literature. We mean the abundance of various literary groups, manifestos, declarations, and theoretical presentations that certainly is not a phenomenon of the literary life of only one specific country. Poetry, naturally, most of all, gives rise to a variety of associations but it should be taken into account that all literary associations to some degree are related to each other and to other branches of art (painting, music, and cinema) where similar processes take place. In December 1913 a student of the Petersburg University Viktor Shklovsky delivered a speech entitled “The Place of Futurism in the History of Language” at the “Stray Dog” cabaret”, Boris Pronin’s fashionable literary and artistic café. On the basis of the aforementioned report, in February 1914 V. Shklovsky published a book entitled the “Resurrection of the Word” which become the most known in the history of philology and gave start to the high-sounding trend- Formalizm, which encompasses the formation of the method of Formalism as well as the process of its research. the Russian Formalist movement consisted of two scholarly groups,: Petersburg “Opoiaz” - “Society for the Study of Poetic Language” and the Moscow Linguistic Circle. Boris Eichenbaum, one of the outstanding members of the Russian Formalism in his essay “The theory of formal method (1925)” tries to systematize the Formalist principle to present the Formalist’s studies of literature as a social problem. Eichenbaum’s essay is an attempt to summarize the movement’s achievements during ten years.