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- Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Recent Submissions
The gig economy: new opportunities for the digital transformation of companies
(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Grigolaia, Nino
The work is devoted to the study of the gig economy, an important part of the digital economy, which is
based on the transition to an atypical form of employment as a result of digital transformation. The inclusion
of gig workers in the company's labor resources is already a popular practice.
The increase in the number of gig workers worldwide and in Georgia has many reasons, including the
COVID-19 pandemic, which has become a driving force for business transformation, economic benefits for
the employer, etc.; special attention is paid to the transformation of the company's business models, taking
into account the opportunities and risks of the gig economy for companies when switching to remote work.
A model of digital transformation of the company is proposed that includes gig workers, which reduces
the level of uncertainty for companies and, accordingly, the impact of the variability of the digital environment.
Child welfare statistics: global challenges and trends
(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Charekishvili, Lia
In recent years, the Government of Georgia has significantly expanded its child benefit program, which
by 2022 covered 28.6% of all children under the age of 16. However, a concerning issue is that nearly half
(47%) of materially deprived children do not benefit from the program, potentially because their families are
considered above the poverty threshold. This gap leaves many vulnerable children without the necessary financial
support. Additionally, 15.5% of families with materially deprived children requested social assistance
in the 12 months before the survey but were denied. The Child Welfare Survey (CWS) also highlights that
5.8% of Georgian children have functional difficulties that substantially limit their daily lives. Yet, only 12.6%
of these children have an official disability status, primarily because disability determination still follows a
medical model that overlooks functional limitations and the broader psycho-social dimensions of disability.
There is a higher incidence of functional difficulties among children aged 5-17 years (6.5%) compared to younger
children aged 2-4 years (1.8%). Moreover, children experiencing material deprivation are four times
more likely to face functional difficulties (10.5%) compared to their peers from non-deprived families (2.8%).
These findings underscore the need for a more inclusive social protection system and a broader approach to
disability assessment, one that considers both medical and psycho-social factors to better support children
with disabilities.
The recent findings on children's welfare in Georgia highlight several critical issues, particularly in relation
to access to educational resources, nutrition during school hours, and healthcare. Lack of Educational
Materials: 45.3% of children do not have at least one educational item they wish for but cannot afford. The
most commonly missing items are: Laptops/computers (29.1%), Painting materials (18.5%), Books (16.5%),
and Musical instruments (10%). Nutrition during School Hours: Only 27% of children eat every day during
school hours, while 34.9% never eat. This issue is more pronounced among materially deprived children,
with 44.9% not eating during school hours compared to 28.4% of non-deprived children. Financial barriers
prevent 37.7% of materially deprived children from eating during school, compared to only 3.3% of non-deprived
children.
The findings reveal significant disparities in access to essential educational, nutritional, and medical resources
among children in Georgia, particularly those from materially deprived families. Addressing these
gaps is critical for improving children's well-being and their overall development. Educational resources such
as computers and books are vital for children’s learning, and the lack of access to these items suggests the
need for targeted support programs. School nutrition is another pressing concern, with financial difficulties
preventing a large number of children from eating during school hours. This impacts their ability to focus
and perform well academically. Healthcare access remains a challenge, even with the universal health insurance
system in place, as many families continue to struggle with the financial burden of medical services
and medication. These results emphasize the need for more comprehensive and accessible social protection
systems to support the most vulnerable children in Georgia.
The gig economy and the problems of wage taxation
(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Grigolaia, Nino
Two trends can be seen in the modern labor market. The first trend is the change in demand for work
skills. Basic reading and writing skills, physical labor and diplomas offer fewer and fewer employment and income
opportunities. The second trend is – companies working with digital platforms (applications) – gig economy,
which increases the differentiation of incomes, which inevitably increases the need to adjust taxation to income
tax.
It concludes that tax systems should be reformed so that the self-employed are not over-incentivized by
tax evasion, as this endangers household revenues and the social security of the population.
Comparative and statistical analysis methods were used. Data from rating and analysis agencies as well as
statistical data from OECD, Eurofund and Eurostat formed the empirical basis of the research.
Communication problems and possibilities on the example of Georgian online stores
(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Kinkladze, Rusudan; Markarashvili, Kakhaber
This paper discusses the communication problems faced by Georgian online stores in the digital era, as
well as the opportunities for their development and improvement. Both the importance of communication in
the field of e-commerce and its role in building trust are emphasized. The characteristics of reliable online stores
and all the barriers associated with online shopping are also highlighted. As a result of the analysis of all the
above, not only the strengths, but also the weaknesses of Georgian online stores become visible, and effective
tools for solving the problems faced by them become visible. The purpose of the paper is to present the role of
strategic communication in the success of online stores, specifically this study will examine the elements of
strategic communication and how online stores in Georgia can use different communication tools to build trust
and improve relationships with stakeholders.
Social democracy and features of development of business social responsibility in Europe
(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Berishvili, Khatuna
The development of social responsibility of business in our country was hindered by many factors, the
main ones being: economic difficulties and political instability. The pursuit of integration with Europe led to the
definition of a unified strategy of the state, private sector and society in the BSP field.
Liberalization of the business environment, reduction of trade and investment barriers, positive changes in
the tax system have essentially changed approaches to BSP. The increase in investment in the country has required
the involvement of companies in the promotion of public welfare, which has become the tool by which it
is possible to gain a competitive advantage of the country. Despite the fact that the implementation of social
responsibility of business started actively in 2005, it is still a novelty for many Georgian companies. Against this
background, it becomes very interesting to study and share the rich experience accumulated in the countries of
the social democratic model.