Browsing by Author "Kakulia, Nazira"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Features of the use of circular economy indicators in Georgia
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Kakulia, Nazira
    In this study, we analyzed issues related to the formation of a circular economy. We can say that the formation of a “green economy” is the main task of the 21st century for humanity. In this regard, there is significant political support at the level of international organizations and individual countries. Important results in the framework of the study are that the stability of the environmental development environment is a more important problem for developing countries compared to developed countries, as well as in developing countries, the corresponding institutional base in this direction is not fully formed. Significant problems in this regard were observed in Georgia, which are expressed in the GGG and EP indices between the countries of the world.
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    Institutional transformation and its challenges in Georgia
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2019) Kakulia, Nazira; Lazarashvili, Tea
    The article discussed the institutional reform, analyzed the selection of institutional indicators carried out in Georgia, the estimation of the main indicators of institutional lag. On the basis of factor analysis evaluated the eight institutional indicators, including indicators identified, affecting the economic backwardness of Georgia, argued that a decrease in the country's institutional lag most affect trade freedom, financial freedom and fiscal freedom. Held on the analysis from the perspective of institutional in some post-communist countries; on the basis of empirical findings justified a strong influence on the institutional development of the real economy; found a positive relationship between institutional development and economic growth.
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    Issues of institutional persistence and institutional changes
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Kakulia, Nazira; Meskhoradze, Tamta
    The issue of institutional persistence and institutional changes is one of the relevant parts of institutional economics. Institutional changes aim to adapt new challenges. Herewith, as for the persistence of institutions, it is important to encourage economic development. However, we should note that the institutions, which persist over time, in particular, can no longer support changes and economic development. The paper analyzes the factors that prevent institutional change, give a push to inertia and reduce the potential of systemic development. Analysis of the issue revealed that among other factors, three important mechanisms determine the sustainability of institutions. These are - geography, culture and history. In addition, the simplest form of institutional stability is ~institutional stasis,~ which implies that the maintenance of existing institutions is because ~power begets power.~ This means that existing institutions currently allow powerful groups to continue to dominate, so that those groups in turn may choose to maintain those institutions. However, ultimately, all authors agree that despite such examples, institutional stasis is rare; most institutions are constantly changing, and institutional change is an integral part of the economic development.1. Acemoglu, Daron, Georgy Egorov and Konstantin Sonin. 2021. “Institutional change and institutional Persistence.” NBER Working Paper No. 27852 2. Acemoglu, Daron and James A Robinson. 2001. “A Theory of Political Transitions.” American Economic Review 91(4):938–963. 3. Acemoglu, Daron and James A Robinson. 2006b. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge University Press. 4. Acemoglu, Daron and James A Robinson. 2001. “A Theory of Political Transitions.” American Economic Review 91(4):938–963. 5. Acemoglu, Daron and James A. Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown Publishers. 6. Bertocchi, G. and Canova, F. (2002) “Did Colonization Matter for Growth: An Empirical Exploration into the Historical causes of Africa’s Underdevelopment” European Economic Review. 46, 1851-1871. 7. Diamond, J. (1997) Arms, Germs and Steel. W. W. Norton. 8. Engerman, S. and Sokoloff, K. (1997) “Factor Endowments, Institutions and Differential Paths of Growth among New World Economies: A View from Economic Historians of the United States”, in S. Haber, Ed. How Latin America Fell Behind: Essays on the Economic Histories of Brazil and Mexico. Standford University Press. 9. Engerman, S. and Sokoloff, K. (2005) “The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World” Journal of Economic History. 65, 891-921. 10. Fernandez, R. (2010) “Does Culture Matter?” Working Paper, Department of Economics, New York University. 11. Fischer, Stanley. 1994. Russia and the Soviet Union Then and Now. University of Chicago Press pp. 221–258. 12. Fishman, R. and Miguel E. (2007) “Corruption, Norms, and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets” Journal of Political Economy. 115, 1020-1048. 13. Gallup, J. and Sachs, J. (1999) “Geography and Economic Development”. Working Paper N1, Center for International Development. 14. Grier, R. (1999) “Colonial Legacies and Economic Growth” Public Choice. 98, 317-335. 15. Guiso, L; Sapienza, P and Zingales: L. (2006) “Does Culture Affect Economic Outcomes?” Journal of Economic Perspectives. 20, 23-48. 16. Guiso, L; Sapienza, P and Zingales: L. (2009) “Cultural Biases in Economic Exchange” Quarterly Journal of Economics. 124, 1095-1131. 17. Jellema, J. 92010) “Culture and Development” Mimeo. 18. Landes, D. (2006) “Why Europe and the West? Why Not China?” Journal of Economic Perspectives. 20, 3-22. 19. Licht, A; Goldschmidt, C; nd Schwarts, S. (2007) “Culture Rules: The Foundations of the Rule of Law and other Norms of Governance” Journal of Comparative Economics. 35, 659-688. 20. Mahoney, James. 2000. “Path dependence in historical sociology.” Theory and society 29(4):507–548. 21. Papava, V. On the Shadow Political Economy of the Post-Communist Transformation. An Institutional Analysis. Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 40, No. 6, 1997 (co-author N.Khaduri). 22. Kakulia, N., Lazarashvili, T. (2019). Institutional transformation and its challenges in Georgia. Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, The collection of The 4th International Scientific-Practical Conference Materials, 173-178 (In Georgian).
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    Macroeconomic effects of labor market regulation in Georgia
    (National institute of Economic Research, Batumi Navigation Teaching University, 2023) Kakulia, Nazira; Tkemaladze, Irma
    The article discusses the impact of the changes on labor market resulting from the formation of the post-industrial economy and caused by the pandemic crisis, in particular the process of employment forms’ transformation, response measures to the transformation of employment forms are analyzed, the stages of the employment policy for the study period are separated, the need to implement the employment policy necessary for the symbiotic development of standard and non-standard forms of employment is substantiated. We conclude that labor market policies are more "sensitive" in nature than other policies. Therefore, choosing the distortionist model emphasized by the World Bank or the interventionist model prioritized by the International Labor Organization will not lead us to the results that may have been achieved in other countries. In our opinion, it is recommended to use a more intermediate approach, which considers the labor market policy in the framework of the general economic policy, and the final goal of economic reforms is not only a high rate of economic growth, but also an increase in the well-being of the population. By studying the employment policy, it became clear that the course of the last period is actually aimed at providing effective employment, at the same time, complex measures are being taken to improve the current situation in the labor market. However, as determined by the conducted expert research, only the perfection of the legal framework is not enough for the effectiveness of the policy. It is necessary to strengthen the enforcement mechanism and control the results.
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    Methodological aspects of assessing the functioning of institutes
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2018) Kakulia, Nazira
    Creation of independent states has produced theoretical and practical problems, which demanded immediate solutions. The transition to market economy requires the functioning of various institutions and their development. The article deals with the essence and core characteristics of the institutions, and the role of institutions in economics of transitional countries. The paper also discusses the stages of transformation of Georgian economy and their peculiarities. The institutions are analyzed such as privatization, liberalization of trade conditions, investments, deregulation, etc. The paper also analyzes the methodological aspects of the functioning of institutions (WGI indicators) and their impact on economic growth.
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    Potential and opportunities of "blue economy"
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Lazarashvili, Tea; Kakulia, Nazira
    A common consensus among countries to understand the concept of "blue economy" and to increase the use of the potential of the world's oceans was first achieved within the framework of the UN concept ~Rio+20~ for sustainable development in 2012. In 2015, the idea of the concept became the basis for defining the 14th goal of sustainable development of the United Nations "Underwater resources". The concept of "blue economy" is aimed at the systematic and sustainable development of those sectors of the economy, which are related to the use of the resources of the world's oceans and seas, and expresses the aspiration of the world community, between ensuring ecological security and social well-being of the earth's population.