Browsing by Author "Kharaishvili, Eter"
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Item Agribusiness development trends in Georgia: modern challenges and solutions(Publisher Institute for Market Problems and Economic-and-Ecological Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2021) Kharaishvili, Eter; Suknishvili, MirzaIntroduction. The article substantiates the importance of agribusiness development in solving the problem of food security and food security of the population. Economic indicators of agribusiness development in Georgia and Adjara region are analized, the role of determining agribusiness development trends and perspective directions in strengthening the rural community, especially in terms of rural community involvement in business is assessed. Therefore, in order to overcome the problem of agribusiness development, it is of special importance to study the development trends of agribusiness, to identify the current challenges in this field and to develop perspective directions of development. Aim and tasks. The aim of the research is to identify modern challenges based on the study of agribusiness development trends and to make recommendations on promising development directions. Results. The paper analyzes the views of researchers on alternative models of development in the field of agribusiness, focusing on the components of the agribusiness sector as a model. The article presents the conclusions and develops recommendations on overcoming the factors hindering the development of agribusiness and ways of future development. The development of the cooperation process is also important for the growth of scale and its place in international markets. Quantitative research has shown that 86% of farmers are not united in cooperatives. Even those who are united from year to year with less turnover of financial and material resources are recorded in the respective organizations, indicating their less life skills. Conclusions. Quantitative and qualitative research on the example of Adjara region (Georgia) has been conducted to identify the trends and characteristics of agribusiness development and to determine future directions. A questionnaire has been developed for the quantitative research and beneficiaries have been selected from the database of employees in the field of agribusiness, while for the qualitative research a group of experts has been identified and focus groups have been formed from these groups to clarify some problems. Quantitative research has identified the current challenges of agribusiness development, while qualitative research has identified the specific causes of the problems and the characteristics that will determine the future priorities of agribusiness development in the Adjara region.Item Agro tourism for economic development of related sectors and sustainable well-being (case of Georgia)(B.S.LAB, 2019) Kharaishvili, Eter; Lazariashvili, Tamar; Natsvlishvili, IaA huge number of studies point out the importance of sustainable productivity growth in global agriculture, in particular for developing economies. Often, it is considered one of the main driver of sustainable economic growth in agricultural sector. This is true for Georgia as well. Improving agricultural productivity, while conserving and enhancing natural resources, is an essential requirement for farmers to increase global food supplies on a sustainable basis. The success of developing countries in increasing agricultural productivity will have global implications in strengthening the resilience of food markets, enhancing food security, improving wellbeing and promoting sustainability. Besides the agriculture tourism sector in general have had a positive influence on output and productivity, especially in poor economies. Tourism can be one of the most important vehicle for growth and growth-related reforms in under-developed countries. However these countries have many political, institutional and economic problems that must be undressed in order to overcome vicious circle of poverty and increase the level of well-being of nations. It can play significant positive role in addressing these issues. However new and innovative approaches are needed for fostering economic growth and development in global arena and in poorest countries. Agro tourism and related sectors can be one such new way for developing countries struggling with poverty and unemployment. In agriculture the productivity of farms can be improved through economies of scale and the adoption of more technically-efficient production systems. However, long-run productivity growth for the sector as a whole requires continuous technological progress, as well as social innovations and new business models. For agriculture to respond to future challenges, innovation will not only need to improve the efficiency with which inputs are turned into outputs, but also conserve scarce natural resources and reduce waste. Agro tourism and related sectors can be based on such business models that take into consideration sustainable economic development. Given paper characterizes the potential of agro touristic areas of Georgia for sustainable economic development, analyzes advantageous geographical location, peculiarities of relief, folk diversity, etc. The article urgues that in terms of efficient use of tourism resources, it is possible to develop agroproduct and related sectors with the competitive advantage, maintain the identity of the population, balanced development of local economy, cause an appropriate multiplier effect by creation of business opportunities, employment and income growth, etc. The paper estimates the functions of agro tourism according to the categories; in particular it analyzes the social-psychological, economic, spatial and environmental functions. The problems existing in agro tourism are revealed based on the survey of experts and tourists, in particular, these problems are underdeveloped infrastructure, shortage of suggested tourism products, low level of services, low level of accessibility to information resources, etc. The following needs are identified for the development of agrotourism and the related sectors by foreign tourists: informing tourists about new services in agro tourism in time, differentiation of products according to focus groups, direct selling of farmers' products to tourists, usage of this advantage by the municipalities with attractive tourism environment and attracting tourists, etc. The following positive effects that accompany development of agro tourism are identified: development of related sectors, creation of additional jobs, new sources of income for rural population, maintaining production of traditional products and opportunities for entering new markets, increasing employment of young people in agro tourism and related sectors, etc. Based on the identification of the problems, the possibilities for the development of agro tourism and the related sectors in socio-psychological, economic, spatial and environmental directions are suggested. Given paper also highlights the role of wine tourism in united concept of agro tourism. It is impotent to make distinction among different types of products: products that are directly connected to agrarian environment, agrarian product and agrarian location. In order to reveal the problems in the field of agro tourism researchers use different relevant criteria. Given research emphasises the role of the concept of the place in the development of agro tourism, studies the motivation of individuals toward to the tourism. In given paper comparatively perfect criteria offer by Lane (1992) is used. Lane criteria implies to evaluate the agro touristic places according six factors. The attractive touristic environment is estimated by the following criteria: historical-cultural heritage, untouched (original) natural heritage, tourism infrastructure, ethno physical environment, agro-cultural landscapes, food products (kitchen). By using methodology of Lane criterion research results identify most attractive Georgian municipalities for the development of agro tourism according to the average rate of attractiveness of the regions. The paper also substantiates the possibilities for development of related sectors in these Georgian municipalities. Findings of the research suggests that the advantages of different Georgian agro touristic areas are: ancient civilization and culture, untouchable natural inheritance, rich flora and fauna, hospitality and cousine, rich traditions and etc. Agro tourism doe not require big investments and expenditure for organizing recreational and welcoming events for tourists who seek for relaxation in ecologically friendly environment at lower expenses.Item Food transportation: modern challenges and policy priorities in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2021) Kharaishvili, Eter; Erqomaishvili, Gulnazi; Natsvlishvili, Ia; Lobjanidze, MananaThe paper evaluates the importance of transportation for economic growth and development of food markets. Delays in transportation of agro-food caused by COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed and logistical problems are identified. Theoretic approach of transportation policy and rates are evaluated based on bibliographic research. It is substantiated, that effective transportation of food will play an important role in development of food markets. Therefore, by identifying challenges in transportation system and developing effective policy tools, structural adjustment of food markets according to the changes in demand will be possible. Challenges in food transportation sector has been identified by „urgencyimpact quality“ matrix: weak policy support, legislative vacuum about standards of transportation and food markets, inconsistency of regulatory laws to the regulations of other countries, low level digitalization of transportation, policy for maintaining food prices in case of increased costs of transportation and other. Priorities of economic policy for stimulating transportation were identified by the ,,scheme of priorities“: need of policy support in food transportations, stimulating investments in the infrastructure of transportation, perfection of the regulatory base and harmonization with the regulations of other countries, use of pricing tools for transportation of food products, digitalization of a transportation system and a transportation corridor, providing the policy of finances in order to maintain an unified chain of transportation and food markets. In this article main directions of transportation and policy for internal regulations of grocery markets are identified: manufacturer-oriented policy, customer-oriented policy, policy for transportation management, financial policy for digitalization sector of transportation, development of food safety and quality standard, monitoring and other. A conclusion has been made in the article, that there is a positive correlation between food manufacturing and an indicator of its transportation, but, insufficient to impact an economic growth. Implementing a stimulating policy for transportation will cause diversification of food markets, especially in European ones. Considering expanding food market and based on challenges, identified in the transportation sector policy, recommendations have been developed that are directed to policy priorities and development of food markets.Item Global experience of bio product market and its challenges in Georgia in the context of sustainable well-being(B.S.LAB, 2019) Kharaishvili, Eter; Lazariashvili, Tamar; Natsvlishvili, IaThe aim of the paper are to analyze the global market of bio products and identify the potential and limitations of bio production in Georgia. The level of population interested in bio products and the increasing tendency of such interest is revealed. The work analyzes the level of competiveness on the market of bio products. The main providers and consumers of bio products are characterized and conclusion is made that the biggest consumption of organic products takes place in rich countries. In the basis of estimation of experts is considered that the market of bio products is one of the fast increasing and dynamic market. It is supposed that in the first half of the 21st century 40 percent of the technologies and world produced products will be ecological. Accordingly, the companies and producers are suggested to activate efforts toward this direction. The paper highlights and discusses the indicators of the production of bio products in the European countries, their characteristics, prices and demand tendencies. The experience of European countries in the field of production of bio products is evaluated and the basic problems in this process are exposed. With the help of desk research method and comparative analysis the opportunities of the production of bio products in Georgia are identified. Problems connected with production of bio products are revealed and perspectives of development are suggested. European model of production of bio products is analyzed and by the method of comparative analysis is proved that the production of bio products falls behind the European demands. Market of bio products in Georgia is not developed at high level but research results of consumers’ preferences shows that consumers support healthy food and they are ready to pay different (comparatively higher) price for bio products. Positive changes are in the agrarian policy of the state, namely in the direction of establishing legislative basis adequate for the bio production. Biological production is to become one of the strategic directions of development of the agriculture of Georgia as the bio market in the world maintains its niche: the demand is higher than supply. In the conditions of supporting of the development of bio production from the state the bio sector has the potential to make an important contribution to regenerate the agriculture of Georgia. Together with regenerating and spreading of traditional cultures, increasing of demands of the ecologically clean products and the development of ecotourism make the best perspective of the stability of middle farming in Georgia. In the paper some recommendations for the development of the market of the local bio products are worked out. Production of bio wine and tea are considered as potential perspectives for Georgia. With these products Georgia is able to occupy its own place of the world bio-market and succeed. The biggest producers in Europe of organic wine are Spain, France and Italy. Some of the prestigious lands turned into organic farming. In France and Horvath more than 10 percent of organic market is occupied by wine. From the developing countries the great potential of export of organic wine is to Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Switzerland and Australia. France, Italy and Spain they are less interested in the import of organic wine as they have their enough own production. In the paper conclusions regarding to the problems existed on bio product’s market in Georgia are made and production of bio products is considered as one of the economic activity that can play important role in the process of sustainable development and increase the level of nation’s well-being. In General, European model of agriculture is desirable to be implemented in Georgia. Investigation of experience of different countries with best agricultural practice plays significant role in identification of agricultural policy priorities in Georgia and in elaboration of practical recommendations for farmers and for the whole industry. Given article discusses the current tendencies of global agriculture and agricultural policy in general and analyses the ways of how it might stimulate bio production. Paper also discusses the peculiarities of the European models of farm’s diversification, opportunities and limits of family farms in the European Union and considers the bio production as one possible way of farms diversification. The article argues that in the European Union family farms are considered as a key element of the European model of agriculture. Family farms make multifarious contribution to the European Union and to its rural economy. In Europe around 97% of farms are family farms. The European Union through its agricultural policy continues to stimulate sustainable and competitive agriculture. Family farms, often as diversified and pluriactive farms, should be considered as key element of Georgian model of agriculture.