Browsing by Author "Natsvlishvili, Ia"
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Item Agro tourism for economic development of related sectors and sustainable well-being (case of Georgia)(B.S.LAB, 2019) Kharaishvili, Eter; Lazariashvili, Tamar; Natsvlishvili, IaA huge number of studies point out the importance of sustainable productivity growth in global agriculture, in particular for developing economies. Often, it is considered one of the main driver of sustainable economic growth in agricultural sector. This is true for Georgia as well. Improving agricultural productivity, while conserving and enhancing natural resources, is an essential requirement for farmers to increase global food supplies on a sustainable basis. The success of developing countries in increasing agricultural productivity will have global implications in strengthening the resilience of food markets, enhancing food security, improving wellbeing and promoting sustainability. Besides the agriculture tourism sector in general have had a positive influence on output and productivity, especially in poor economies. Tourism can be one of the most important vehicle for growth and growth-related reforms in under-developed countries. However these countries have many political, institutional and economic problems that must be undressed in order to overcome vicious circle of poverty and increase the level of well-being of nations. It can play significant positive role in addressing these issues. However new and innovative approaches are needed for fostering economic growth and development in global arena and in poorest countries. Agro tourism and related sectors can be one such new way for developing countries struggling with poverty and unemployment. In agriculture the productivity of farms can be improved through economies of scale and the adoption of more technically-efficient production systems. However, long-run productivity growth for the sector as a whole requires continuous technological progress, as well as social innovations and new business models. For agriculture to respond to future challenges, innovation will not only need to improve the efficiency with which inputs are turned into outputs, but also conserve scarce natural resources and reduce waste. Agro tourism and related sectors can be based on such business models that take into consideration sustainable economic development. Given paper characterizes the potential of agro touristic areas of Georgia for sustainable economic development, analyzes advantageous geographical location, peculiarities of relief, folk diversity, etc. The article urgues that in terms of efficient use of tourism resources, it is possible to develop agroproduct and related sectors with the competitive advantage, maintain the identity of the population, balanced development of local economy, cause an appropriate multiplier effect by creation of business opportunities, employment and income growth, etc. The paper estimates the functions of agro tourism according to the categories; in particular it analyzes the social-psychological, economic, spatial and environmental functions. The problems existing in agro tourism are revealed based on the survey of experts and tourists, in particular, these problems are underdeveloped infrastructure, shortage of suggested tourism products, low level of services, low level of accessibility to information resources, etc. The following needs are identified for the development of agrotourism and the related sectors by foreign tourists: informing tourists about new services in agro tourism in time, differentiation of products according to focus groups, direct selling of farmers' products to tourists, usage of this advantage by the municipalities with attractive tourism environment and attracting tourists, etc. The following positive effects that accompany development of agro tourism are identified: development of related sectors, creation of additional jobs, new sources of income for rural population, maintaining production of traditional products and opportunities for entering new markets, increasing employment of young people in agro tourism and related sectors, etc. Based on the identification of the problems, the possibilities for the development of agro tourism and the related sectors in socio-psychological, economic, spatial and environmental directions are suggested. Given paper also highlights the role of wine tourism in united concept of agro tourism. It is impotent to make distinction among different types of products: products that are directly connected to agrarian environment, agrarian product and agrarian location. In order to reveal the problems in the field of agro tourism researchers use different relevant criteria. Given research emphasises the role of the concept of the place in the development of agro tourism, studies the motivation of individuals toward to the tourism. In given paper comparatively perfect criteria offer by Lane (1992) is used. Lane criteria implies to evaluate the agro touristic places according six factors. The attractive touristic environment is estimated by the following criteria: historical-cultural heritage, untouched (original) natural heritage, tourism infrastructure, ethno physical environment, agro-cultural landscapes, food products (kitchen). By using methodology of Lane criterion research results identify most attractive Georgian municipalities for the development of agro tourism according to the average rate of attractiveness of the regions. The paper also substantiates the possibilities for development of related sectors in these Georgian municipalities. Findings of the research suggests that the advantages of different Georgian agro touristic areas are: ancient civilization and culture, untouchable natural inheritance, rich flora and fauna, hospitality and cousine, rich traditions and etc. Agro tourism doe not require big investments and expenditure for organizing recreational and welcoming events for tourists who seek for relaxation in ecologically friendly environment at lower expenses.Item Challenges of Re-connecting Entrepreneurship and Business Education at Universities (Evidence From Georgia)(IATED Academy, 2019-07-03) Natsvlishvili, Ia; Kharaishvili, EteryGiven paper identifies the main challenges of reconnecting real entrepreneurial practice with business education at institutions of higher education on the example of Georgia. The paper also analyses peculiarities of youth entrepreneurial attitudes in post-soviet Georgia with transitional economy and discusses the ways of reconnecting business education and entrepreneurship within the institutions of higher education. Examination of youth’s entrepreneurial attitudes helps to target their entrepreneurial aspirations, their potential and plan respective economic policy. The paper also develops conclusions based on analysis of different research projects and scholarly papers about the impact of Bologna Process on management of higher education in Europe and neighboring transitional countries. Comparison of survey results conducted by prominent scholars in Europe, Georgia and Latin American countries, despite differences between them, show the convergence in understanding of priorities of educational programs by stakeholders of higher education.Item Circular business model innovation- supporting factors and barriers(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Natsvlishvili, IaCovid-19 pandemic and the most acute geopolitical circumstances have threatened the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this situation, the analysis of the factors supporting and hindering the innovation of the circular business model remains very important. Among scientists the concept of circular economy is discussed as a strategy to reduce waste of resources, pollution and emission. The circular business model innovation is considered by many researchers as a practical implementation of this concept at the organizational level. The drivers and barriers to circular business model innovation are considered to be the factors that either facilitates or inhibits organizational units in the process of conceptualizing and implementing circular business model innovation.Item Food transportation modern challenges and policy priorities in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2021) Kharaishvili, Eteri; Erkomaishvili, Gulnaz; Natsvlishvili, Ia; Lobzhanidze, MananaPaper evaluates the importance of transportation for economic growth and development of food markets. Delays in transportation of agro-food caused by covid-19 pandemic is analyzed and logistical problems are identified. Theoretic approach of transportation policy and rates are evaluated based on bibliographic research. It is substantiated, that effective transportation of food will play an important role in development of food markets. Therefore, by identifying challenges in transportation system and developing effective policy tools, structural adjustment of food markets according to the changes in demand will be possible. Challenges in food transportation sector has been identified by „urgency-impact quality“ matrix: weak policy support, legislative vacuum about standards of transportation and food markets, inconsistency of regulatory laws to the regulations of other countries, low level digitalization of transportation, policy for maintaining food prices in case of increased costs of transportation and other. Priorities of economic policy for stimulating transportation were identified by the ,,scheme of priorities“: need of policy support in food transportations, stimulating investments in the infrastructure of transportation, perfection of the regulatory base and harmonization with the regulations of other countries, use of pricing tools for transportation of food products, digitalization of a transportation system and a transportation corridor, providing the policy of finances in order to maintain an unified chain of transportation and food markets. In this article main directions of transportation and policy for internal regulations of grocery markets are identified: manufacturer-oriented policy, customer-oriented policy, policy for transportation management, financial policy for digitalization sector of transportation, development of food safety and quality standard, monitoring and other. A conclusion has been made in the article, that there is a positive correlation between food manufacturing and an indicator of its transportation, but, insufficient to impact an economic growth. Implementing a stimulating policy for transportation, will cause diversification of food markets, especially in European ones. Considering expanding food market and based on challenges, identified in the transportation sector policy, recommendations have been developed that are directed to policy priorities and development of food markets.Item Food transportation: modern challenges and policy priorities in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2021) Kharaishvili, Eter; Erqomaishvili, Gulnazi; Natsvlishvili, Ia; Lobjanidze, MananaThe paper evaluates the importance of transportation for economic growth and development of food markets. Delays in transportation of agro-food caused by COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed and logistical problems are identified. Theoretic approach of transportation policy and rates are evaluated based on bibliographic research. It is substantiated, that effective transportation of food will play an important role in development of food markets. Therefore, by identifying challenges in transportation system and developing effective policy tools, structural adjustment of food markets according to the changes in demand will be possible. Challenges in food transportation sector has been identified by „urgencyimpact quality“ matrix: weak policy support, legislative vacuum about standards of transportation and food markets, inconsistency of regulatory laws to the regulations of other countries, low level digitalization of transportation, policy for maintaining food prices in case of increased costs of transportation and other. Priorities of economic policy for stimulating transportation were identified by the ,,scheme of priorities“: need of policy support in food transportations, stimulating investments in the infrastructure of transportation, perfection of the regulatory base and harmonization with the regulations of other countries, use of pricing tools for transportation of food products, digitalization of a transportation system and a transportation corridor, providing the policy of finances in order to maintain an unified chain of transportation and food markets. In this article main directions of transportation and policy for internal regulations of grocery markets are identified: manufacturer-oriented policy, customer-oriented policy, policy for transportation management, financial policy for digitalization sector of transportation, development of food safety and quality standard, monitoring and other. A conclusion has been made in the article, that there is a positive correlation between food manufacturing and an indicator of its transportation, but, insufficient to impact an economic growth. Implementing a stimulating policy for transportation will cause diversification of food markets, especially in European ones. Considering expanding food market and based on challenges, identified in the transportation sector policy, recommendations have been developed that are directed to policy priorities and development of food markets.Item Global experience of bio product market and its challenges in Georgia in the context of sustainable well-being(B.S.LAB, 2019) Kharaishvili, Eter; Lazariashvili, Tamar; Natsvlishvili, IaThe aim of the paper are to analyze the global market of bio products and identify the potential and limitations of bio production in Georgia. The level of population interested in bio products and the increasing tendency of such interest is revealed. The work analyzes the level of competiveness on the market of bio products. The main providers and consumers of bio products are characterized and conclusion is made that the biggest consumption of organic products takes place in rich countries. In the basis of estimation of experts is considered that the market of bio products is one of the fast increasing and dynamic market. It is supposed that in the first half of the 21st century 40 percent of the technologies and world produced products will be ecological. Accordingly, the companies and producers are suggested to activate efforts toward this direction. The paper highlights and discusses the indicators of the production of bio products in the European countries, their characteristics, prices and demand tendencies. The experience of European countries in the field of production of bio products is evaluated and the basic problems in this process are exposed. With the help of desk research method and comparative analysis the opportunities of the production of bio products in Georgia are identified. Problems connected with production of bio products are revealed and perspectives of development are suggested. European model of production of bio products is analyzed and by the method of comparative analysis is proved that the production of bio products falls behind the European demands. Market of bio products in Georgia is not developed at high level but research results of consumers’ preferences shows that consumers support healthy food and they are ready to pay different (comparatively higher) price for bio products. Positive changes are in the agrarian policy of the state, namely in the direction of establishing legislative basis adequate for the bio production. Biological production is to become one of the strategic directions of development of the agriculture of Georgia as the bio market in the world maintains its niche: the demand is higher than supply. In the conditions of supporting of the development of bio production from the state the bio sector has the potential to make an important contribution to regenerate the agriculture of Georgia. Together with regenerating and spreading of traditional cultures, increasing of demands of the ecologically clean products and the development of ecotourism make the best perspective of the stability of middle farming in Georgia. In the paper some recommendations for the development of the market of the local bio products are worked out. Production of bio wine and tea are considered as potential perspectives for Georgia. With these products Georgia is able to occupy its own place of the world bio-market and succeed. The biggest producers in Europe of organic wine are Spain, France and Italy. Some of the prestigious lands turned into organic farming. In France and Horvath more than 10 percent of organic market is occupied by wine. From the developing countries the great potential of export of organic wine is to Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Switzerland and Australia. France, Italy and Spain they are less interested in the import of organic wine as they have their enough own production. In the paper conclusions regarding to the problems existed on bio product’s market in Georgia are made and production of bio products is considered as one of the economic activity that can play important role in the process of sustainable development and increase the level of nation’s well-being. In General, European model of agriculture is desirable to be implemented in Georgia. Investigation of experience of different countries with best agricultural practice plays significant role in identification of agricultural policy priorities in Georgia and in elaboration of practical recommendations for farmers and for the whole industry. Given article discusses the current tendencies of global agriculture and agricultural policy in general and analyses the ways of how it might stimulate bio production. Paper also discusses the peculiarities of the European models of farm’s diversification, opportunities and limits of family farms in the European Union and considers the bio production as one possible way of farms diversification. The article argues that in the European Union family farms are considered as a key element of the European model of agriculture. Family farms make multifarious contribution to the European Union and to its rural economy. In Europe around 97% of farms are family farms. The European Union through its agricultural policy continues to stimulate sustainable and competitive agriculture. Family farms, often as diversified and pluriactive farms, should be considered as key element of Georgian model of agriculture.Item Impact of International Educational Migration in the Context of Globalization of Higher Education (Case of Georgia)(2019-07-03) Kharaishvili, Etery; Natsvlishvili, IaGiven paper overviews trends and economic impact of international educational migration in Georgia. Economic outlook and recent economic indicators of Georgia demonstrate the importance of socioeconomic factors in shaping human capital. They emphasize the need for the Georgian government to consider them when designing policies, particularly, educational policy. Unemployment level is not dramatically high in Georgia, however, the majority of employed people are self-employed and their incomes are quite small. This factor is the main cause of labor and educational migration. In recent years, the share of young people in labor and educational migration has been significantly increased in Georgia. The increase in educational mobility has been facilitated by the involvement of Georgian higher education institutions in the Bologna process. Georgia joined the Bologna process in 2005. The main directions of growing international educational migration from Georgia are the higher education institutions of Europe and USA. The number of incoming educational migrants to Georgia is also increasing. The high rate of youth migration is due to the high level of competition on the labor market, with the desire to find high quality education and higher paid jobs. Assessment of the potential of student migrants in socio-economic development has particular importance for the post-Soviet countries. The integration of qualified migrants into the society triggers the introduction of new knowledge and technologies, creates sustainable and inclusive economic growth conditions in the country. Educational-professional mobility is quite prevalent in Georgia, since the latter is considered to be one of the priority directions for acquiring the experience of self-actualization and self-realization, independent living, learning and working experience for young people in an unfamiliar environment. Labor migration is a serious problem for Georgia. It is mainly aimed at improving socio-economic conditions. Youth are actively involved in migration processes. This category is the most mobile social group. International migration for youth is an opportunity to improve life for themselves and their families, achieve educational goals and strengthen professional skills. They also have motivation to accept the challenges of socio-economic processes abroad and to implement best practice after their return to the country.Item Rethinking the system of research assessment in higher education in the digital era(Business Systems Laboratory, 2020) Natsvlishvili, Ia; Seturidze, RusudanAround the world specific methods are employed to evaluate the quantity and quality of universities’ research output. Because of increased competition between institutions research assessment plays useful role in giving incentives to increase quality of research. As scientific literature suggests research output is a function of resources spent and the microeconomic incentive structure [1]. Countries that perform well and introduced the system of research assessment have methods to evaluate research output. They strengthened their systems by introducing improved incentives. Evaluations are important as incentives and et the same time l they provide data on the research activity within a country. If there is no transparent and objective way of examining research activity. Without such data it is not possible to see whether the research system is functioning and how it can be improved [1]. Nowadays in institutions of higher education that have scientists from many fields assessing the research performance requires from evaluators the aggregation of the performance measures of the various fields. Two methods of aggregation are applied that are based on: (a) the performance of the individual scientists or (b) the performance of the scientific fields present in the institution [2]. The choice depends on context and the objectives. The two methods creates differences in performance scores as well as rankings. Many countries have introduced evaluations of university research that reflects global demands for greater accountability. Revisiting research assessment procedures is a shared responsibility and requires a concerted approach uniting major actors such as researchers and universities, research funding organizations, policymakers and non-governmental organizations. In this process leading role can be played by The European University Association (EUA) since it is the representative organization of universities and national rectors’ conferences in 48 European countries. EUA plays a crucial role in the Bologna Process and in influencing European Union policies on higher education, research and innovation. The Expert Group and EUA Secretariat developed the EUA Roadmap on Research Assessment in the Transition to Open Science and launched an Expert Subgroup on Research Assessment in 2018 [10]. International collaborations through various networks and non-governmental organizations such as EUA should make considerable contribution to gather and share information, to initiate dialogue between key actors, to formulate good practice and make policy recommendations for the next step in revising the system of research assessment.Item Shipping policy of agri-food products and the formation of food markets in Georgia(MATEC Web of Conferences, 2021) Kharaishvili, Eteri; Gechbaia, Badri; Erkomaishvili, Gulnaz; Lobzhanidze, Manana; Natsvlishvili, IaThe article evaluates an importance of shipment in economic growth and the development of food markets. Delays caused in shipment of agri-food products due to the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed, problems in logistics are identified. It is argued that by identifying challenges in the shipment system and developing effective policy mechanisms, it is possible to create food markets that meet the changing requirements. The qualty of impact-emergency matrix identifies challenges in food shipment policy: weak political support, legislative vacuum on shipping and food market standards, non-compliance of regulatory rules with regulations of other countries, low level of digitalization of shipments, policies to maintain food prices in case of increase in shipment costs, etc. The article concludes that the correlation between food production and its shipment rates is positive, however, insufficient to impact economic growth. Pursuing a transport-stimulating policy will lead to the diversification of the food markets, especially in European markets. Considering the development of the food market and the challenges identified in the field of shipment policy, recommendations have been developed towards policy priorities and directions of the development of food markets.Item Shipping policy of agri-food products and the formation of food markets in Georgia(MATEC Web of Conferences Volume 339 (2021), 2021) Kharaishvili, Eteri; Gechbaia, Badri; Erkomaishvili, Gulnaz; Lobzhanidze, Manana; Natsvlishvili, IaThe article evaluates an importance of shipment in economic growth and the development of food markets. Delays caused in shipment of agri-food products due to the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed, problems in logistics are identified. It is argued that by identifying challenges in the shipment system and developing effective policy mechanisms, it is possible to create food markets that meet the changing requirements. The qualty of impact-emergency matrix identifies challenges in food shipment policy: weak political support, legislative vacuum on shipping and food market standards, non-compliance of regulatory rules with regulations of other countries, low level of digitalization of shipments, policies to maintain food prices in case of increase in shipment costs, etc. The article concludes that the correlation between food production and its shipment rates is positive, however, insufficient to impact economic growth. Pursuing a transport-stimulating policy will lead to the diversification of the food markets, especially in European markets. Considering the development of the food market and the challenges identified in the field of shipment policy, recommendations have been developed towards policy priorities and directions of the development of food markets.