Browsing by Author "Tsartsidze, Murman"
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Item The active policy on labor market and the peculiarities of youth employment(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2019) Tsartsidze, MurmanThe principle objective of macro-economic policy is the provision of effective employment for the population at the current stage of forming and developing the labor market in Georgia. The above-mentioned is conditioned by the fact, that the unemployment represents the most acute, global and topical challenge, which is acknowledged to be the key factor causing the poverty in the country. On the basis of the aforesaid, the in-depth research of problems related to the certain social-demographic groups of population, especially the employment of the young people, is attached the considerable significance. The study of the existing situation in the mentioned sphere, as well as the analysis of findings of the conducted researches, allow us to infer a set of the following conclusions: 1. Under the modern conditions there is identified the incompatibility of the skill level of alumni of higher and vocational institutes with the demands of employers, which is added to: the absence of experience in independent decision-making, the insufficiency of appropriate knowledge and the lack of practical skills regarded relevant within the profession. It might be said, that the mentioned factor performs the vital role in terms of the employment of young personnel as well as the whole population capable to work. 2. The low level of competences of the personnel having acquired the higher and vocational education and the incompatibility between the educational quality of the working force and the requirements of modern labor market account for the deficiency of qualified working force and the difficulty in recruiting the personnele according to a certain profession, which, in its term, becomes the hindering factor to the development of business and economics; 3. The crucial factor effecting the youth employment is their conceptions and viewpoints pertaining to the ways of adaptation to the area of labor and employment. While selecting the profession they are not frequently focused on the situation existing at the labor market and its real requirements. Hence, the extremely serious problem of professional orientation assuming the particular importance in the epoch of contemporary innovations and globalization has been illustrated. 4. At the current stage, the labor market cannot ensure the compliance with the social justice rule in the area of employment, the creation of the equal employment opportunities for the unemployed and the realization of the equal labor rights. The various services and events are less available for the certain groups of population. 5. The mechanism of social protection of the unemployed young people and their retraining programs are hitherto virtually nonexistent in the country. 6. The considerable problems can be detected in the sphere of remuneration of labor for the young people. Their wages are low. The situation is much more complicated by the appalling working conditions and the low level of the work organization, its encouragement and motivation; 7. The absence of undeveloped infrastructure and unified information system of the labor market becomes the obstacle to finding the professional job, furthermore, it develops the considerable difficulties for the employers in the process of recruitment and employment of personnel deemed necessary; 8. The scientifically founded management practice regulating the employment and social-labor relationships as well as the relevant legislative basis does not hitherto exist in the country; 9. The system of social partnership has not been developed in the sphere of social-labor relationships; Based on the above-mentioned circumstances, with the aim of providing the youth with effective employment it is essential to take the following measures within the labor market and the active policy on employment: 1. The problems related to the job placement of the young people are impossible to be solved without the joint efforts of social partners. The aforesaid requires the establishment of fundamentally new mechanism of social partnerships and the introduction of the practice regulating the collective agreement. The issues about the youth employment should not be settled spontaneously. It requires the scientifically substantiated approach from the economic as well as social aspects. 2. It is deemed necessary to enhance the quality and level of development of the higher and vocational education system and to focus it on the requirements of labor market. In addition, it is essential to form the adequate system for training and retraining programs for the personnel that will completely ease the shortage of qualified working force and remove the barriers and complications created in terms of recruiting the personnel of specific specialties 3. The effective employment of young people is impossible without the economic growth, in general and the advancement of private sector of economics 4. The youth employment programs should focus great attention on training, retraining of young people as well as helping them to find jobs and carrier planning, also on the issues related to providing them with consultancy and mobility. 5. The legislative basis in the area of labor and employment necessitates being improved and refined. 6. In order to successfully pursue the active policy on employment it is deemed expedient to introduce the effective system of its implementation and the monitoring of its outcomes. 7. With the aim of successful realization of the active employment policy it is expedient to introduce the effective system for monitoring its implementation and expectations. It must provide the strict control over the execution of each specific program launched in the sphere of the youth employment according to all its parameters and indicators.Item Labour market and trends labour demand changes in Georgia in the conditions of the modern global crisis(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Tsartsidze, Murman; Latsabidze, NatelaAt the current stage of socio-economic development of the country, overcoming unemployment, poverty and providing effective employment in Georgia remains the main task of macroeconomic policy. Despite the recent reforms and some positive changes in the direction of economic development, there are still a number of difficulties in the field of employment, which firstly are connected to the shortage of jobs across the country, and on the other hand, the shortage of highly qualified workforce is a very acute problem. At the same time, there is a noticeable lack of personnel with the necessary knowledge, skills and experience according to certain professions and specialties. This confirms the existence of a certain disbalance between the demand and supply of labour force in the labour market of Georgia. The problem is further exposed and aggravated by modern global trends related to current demographic, organizational, structural changes, large-scale labour emigration, use of new non-standard forms of employment, development of technologies and innovations. According to the mentioned situation, the systematic study of the labour market is of great importance especially in the direction of studying the actual demand for labour force, that the system of higher and professional education in the country to be properly focused on the training of personnel with relevant professions and qualifications, which will fully meet the requirements of employers for the workforce and finally eliminate the existing imbalance in the labour market. In the paper is presented an analysis of current condition of Georgian labour market, accordingly, the main problems and challenges in this field are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the depth research of trends in labour demand in the labour market of Georgia in recent years.Item Modern globalization, human capital and economic growth in Georgia- macro aspect(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2023) Bedianashvili, Givi; Tsartsidze, Murman; Mikeladze, Nino; Gabroshvili, ZviadIn the modern global environment, the problems related to human capital and economic growth are gaining special importance. First of all, it is necessary to reveal the specificity of the globalization process itself, which determines the features of the functioning and development of the socio-economic systems of the world and individual countries, new requirements and challenges for human capital in the context of economic growth. In addition to the already existing features of globalization, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of small countries. The research showed us that it is acceptable to take into account that small countries are distinguished by different mechanisms of functioning and the development of socio-economic systems. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the relationship between human capital and economic growth in small countries, and to develop separate recommendations for Georgia, taking into account health, education, and skills. The methods of induction, deduction, qualitative, quantitative, comparison, statistical analysis, and benchmarking were used in the research process. The research itself included the processing of existing literature, the search for statistical data (including with the direct help of the National Statistical Service of Georgia), the sorting and quantitative analysis of the data found, as well as the consideration of expert opinions within the research. Source of statistical data: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), and United Nations (UN), as well as materials of the National Statistical Service of Georgia. Econometric research methods and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular, Machine Learning (ML) models were used. The modern world globalization process encourages humanity to reconsider the role and importance of the entire system of upbringing and education in the development of public potential and the formation of a progressive civilized public mentality corresponding to the 21st century. In the context of modern confrontational globalization, the concept of human capital is still relevant and of great importance. Human capital refers to people's knowledge, skills, experience, education, and talents that can be used to create tangible and intangible value. Confrontational globalization is characterized by tense relations between states, competition, and political and economic conflicts. In such a situation, it is important to develop and attract highly qualified human capital to ensure competitiveness and sustainability in the face of global competition. Human capital becomes the main resource that determines the economic growth and development of the country in the period of confrontational globalization. It is important to invest in education, science, and innovation to develop citizens' skills and knowledge. This will help create a highly qualified workforce that can compete in the global labor market. In the context of confrontational globalization, the concept of human capital is still relevant and of great importance. A preliminary empirical analysis based on econometric models shows that individual expenditures on the development of human capital cannot affect economic growth, which may be due to the nature of the long-term effects of expenditures, as well as the inefficiency of their structure. It should be noted that it is important to develop social infrastructure, including the health system and social security, to ensure human well-being and development in the country. Healthy, educated, and motivated people can work efficiently and contribute more to the economic growth of the country. Preliminary empirical analysis based on machine learning indicates the relatively weak role of the first level of professional and higher education in the incomes of workers, which indicates the relevance of the qualitative development of the relevant institutions; The status and prestige of the professional education system, which is considered secondary compared to general and higher education, must be increased. It is less relevant to the population of the country and is considered a separate part of a single education system. The educational reform, including the radical transformation of the professional education system, should be implemented in the complex of joint development of the secondary, professional, higher education and scientific education system. Due attention should be paid to further development of work-based vocational training methods; In order to strengthen the impact of human capital on economic growth, it is important to develop the Georgian labor market, its infrastructure, and a unified information system. It is also necessary to develop a mechanism for labor market research, analysis, and forecasting, which is necessary for training professional staff corresponding to its requirements for the correct orientation of the professional and higher education system. At the stage of confrontational globalization In the context of the growth of uncertainty, in the context of the qualitative development of human capital, it is very relevant to focus on the skills of the future in the training of entrepreneurs and specialists, as well as the development of adaptation skills, taking into account the best practices in the world.