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Birth statistics in Georgia in XIX and early XX centuries
(Publishing House “UNIVERSAL”, 2018) Khmaladze, Merab
In the past, throughout the history of the humankind, birth rates used to depend on the biological potential of women and widowhood. Child labor and high mortality rates among infants were the two main determinants of the accordingly high birth rate. As the two factors became less significant, the birth rates came down, too. The available statistics makes up presume that the intra-family birth control in Georgia should have started in the first quarter of the XIX c. It should be said that at the time, the European, economic type reproduction was characteristic to Georgia. It has been since 1865 that the birth rates in this country started falling significantly. The next falls occurred during and as a result of the two world wars. Afterwards, the birth rates went up so much so to meet the expanded reproduction standards in the first half of the XX c. However, they were rather modest compared to Europe (including Russia) or the neighboring Armenia and Azerbaijan. The mortality rate was not high either, and it was owing to that in terms of the natural population growth Georgia was not behind its neighbors.