Browsing by Author "Baliashvili, Elisabed"
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Item Aspects of Georgian tourism development in the context of sustainable development of the world economy(Georgian National University SEU, 2021) Baliashvili, ElisabedTourism is one of the growing and important sectors of the economy, the development of tourism increases the economic index of the country, creates new jobs, helps to raise the cultural level of the country's population and develop communication systems. Georgia certainly stands out in this respect, it has a very diverse natural and cultural resources and strives for the sustainable development of tourism that meets the demands of the present so as not to jeopardize the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The paper argues the relevance of this topic, discusses the trends of sustainable development in the world, and then analyzes and assesses the compliance of current processes in the tourism sector of our country with the policies and principles of sustainable development. The article also discusses the legislation of Georgia, which regulates the implementation of the strategy of sustainable tourism development. The positive and negative factors that ensure the sustainable development of this field are identified. In the concluding part of the paper, the author presents his views on this topic and has some recommendations to ensure the sustainable development of the field.Item Competitiveness in the tourism and hospitality industry(Iverioni, 2025) Baliashvili, ElisabedThe opening of country borders, driven by globalization, has significantly increased competition among companies in the tourism and hospitality sectors. As a result, the topic of competitiveness has become increasingly important within the tourism industry. This article examines the concept of competitiveness as an economic category, addressing both national and organizational levels, with a particular focus on the hotel services sector. The author presents a well-reasoned definition of hotel service competitiveness and supports this perspective. Special emphasis is placed on the competitiveness of tourist destinations and the broader hotel service industry. The author contends that a key approach to identifying competitive advantages is to connect the assessment of service competitiveness with consumer satisfaction in the market. This approach is particularly pertinent when considering the essential characteristics and attributes that define the hotel industry service market. Additionally, the article analyzes the economic indicators related to the global and Georgian tourism and hospitality sectors, including the hotel industry, covering the period from 2019 to 2024. Relevant conclusions have been drawn.Item Constituent elements of personnel policy system and its regulation in Georgian tourism and hospitality industry(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2023) Baliashvili, ElisabedTourism and hospitality in the modern world and among them, in Georgia, has become one of the strong, important income-generating economic sectors for the country. This means that the industry presented today is a priority area of the economy, and the country's government and, in particular, the companies in this area, should take care of its systematic development, in the light of highlighting the peculiarities of tourism, developing the right personnel management policy and its effective regulation. The activities of the personnel of our country, regardless of the field in which they are employed, are primarily regulated by the governmental documents of Georgia and the relevant legislation regulating the field. The tourism and hospitality industry is a very specific field, as the personnel working in it, unlike those employed in other economic sectors, are required to have distinctive qualities. It is they who must create such a cohesive team of high responsibility, which will be able to offer visitors an impeccable service, and, most importantly, to react promptly and smoothly to the changed environment and the modern needs of tourists. Therefore, the article discusses: 1. Peculiarities of staff planning, selection and management of personnel policy system constituent elements; 2. Aspects of personnel policy system regulation - based on Georgian government documents and special laws in the tourism and hospitality industry. Unlike other industries, staffing in the tourism industry is planned first, qualitatively, and only then, quantitatively. Qualitative composition means: knowledge of this field, skills, accumulated competences and, as we have already mentioned, personal qualities pleasing to the guest - accuracy, precision, speed and others. Success in this field is not determined by the number of employees, but by their quality. Knowledge and ethical behavior are required here, because we are serving a guest. If we want the visitor to visit us again, we must offer him a tourist service with acceptable behavior and ethical norms. With appropriate information, the author of the article argues the existence of the peculiarities of personnel management in the tourism and hospitality industry, the need for personnel qualification and competence, and the necessary requirement for a high intellectual level of employees in this field, because the service personnel have a close intellectual connection with visitors and considers it necessary to take into account these characteristics - personnel planning, in the process of selection and management. Both analysis and planning of personnel are carried out in the companies of the tourism industry by carrying out a number of measures and consist of the following actions: 1. Analysis of business, personal and professional characteristics of enterprise personnel; 2. Expected changes in the supply of personnel from the labor market during the planning period; 3. Forecast of the corresponding company's demand for personnel in the planning period. And personnel planning and selection is carried out in three stages: 1. Preparatory stage. The following are carried out: orientation, professional selection, professional training; 2. Distributive stage. In progress: gathering of personnel, selection and deployment of the selected cadre to the workplaces; 3. Adaptation stage. It is carried out: adaptation of the newly received cadre and also the cadre transferred from one place of work to another. Management of the personnel employed in the organization is the same administrative labor process, which is carried out by the head of the personnel management service, that is, the personnel manager. Administrative work is mental work. With this work, the coordinated activity of the personnel is achieved in tourism. This is done by organizing, regulating, motivating and controlling the work of employees. The content of personnel management in tourism is determined by the personnel's knowledge, work habits, competencies, ability to cooperate and mutual respect, as well as compliance with legal norms. With his own opinions and excerpts from the works of other scientists, the author proves how important it is to regulate personnel policy and points out the shortcomings that exist in the relevant laws regulating the tourism sector of Georgia. Labor relations are discussed from market and institutional aspects. Those in favor of institutionalism give preference to social dialogue between the parties, while those in favor of market aspects prefer market demands. Regulation of labor relations in any form has both strengths and weaknesses. In today's conditions of globalization, labor relations are less protected in Georgia. The rights of staff to receive compensation equivalent to the work performed are often violated. This is the situation in the tourism sector as well. Foreign tourist companies, which bring visitors from different countries to Georgia, pay meager amounts to local escorts, porters and guides. In many cases, the situation is the same in terms of equal pay for staff in the hotel and restaurant business. In the opinion of the author, in the tourism and hospitality industry, as well as in other fields, there should be international standards in labor regulation and labor compensation, which everyone is obliged to follow. Private sector companies are given the right to choose independently, without state intervention, the forms of personnel development and remuneration-stimulation, employment placement and working conditions, team or group work and many others. Public sector organizations-institutions do not have the right to such independent action. Uniform rules apply to them in this area; The tourism and hospitality industry as a field is regulated by a special law - "On Tourism and Resorts", in which only general issues of tourism are regulated - concepts, types of tourism, activities, resources, resort places, resort industry and many others. It does not say anything about personnel regulation, it is entirely dedicated to tourist activities.Item Hotel personnel as the key to competitiveness in hotel services!!!(Georgian National University SEU, 2025) Baliashvili, ElisabedThe significance of this topic stems from the rapid growth of the world's largest and most dynamic hotel service industry within the global economy. The paper confirms that this expansion has led to an increase in the number of competing firms, a heightened emphasis on service quality, and intense competition to attract new customers. This study aims to identify the role of personnel as a factor in enhancing the competitiveness of hotel service companies. The discussion centers on the notion of „competitiveness“ as an economic factor at both the national and hotel company levels. By analyzing relevant data, the paper explores the key characteristics used to evaluate the competitive position of hotel services, with a particular focus on service quality. The paper also analyzes the "SERVQUAL" model of hotel service quality alongside the international online travel agency BOOKING.COM. Both evaluate the essential aspects of competitive positioning for branded hotels, with a particular emphasis on quality, based on specific criteria. Drawing on personal opinions and insights from various scholars, it becomes evident that visitors' perceptions of service quality are directly linked to the qualifications of hotel personnel specifically (their Individual Skills and Competence) and is recognized as the best indicator of service quality. Accordingly, personnel are considered the main factor in the competitiveness of a hotel service company. The article also identifies challenges related to the existence of an incompetent workforce and demotivated personnel. According to the author analyses and insights from other scholars, these issues can be attributed to two primary factors: a two-year stagnation within the tourism sector and insufficient safeguarding of employees' labor rights. In the concluding part of the research, the author presents personal views on the given issues and provides a recommendation aimed at addressing the identified challenges.Item Once again on the mountain tourism potential of Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2021) Baliashvili, ElisabedIn the article - "Once again on the mountain tourism potential of Georgia" - as its title shows, it is discussed the potential for tourism development in Georgia in the context of its mountainous part - Svaneti, Khevsureti, Tusheti, Pshavi and other mountainous regions. A mountainous region is a geographical, economic and social entity whose terrain, climate, natural and cultural heritage, as well as socio-economic policies require the development and development of emergency rules of protection, and subsequently - the enactment. The mountainous regions of Georgia included 13 historical-ethnographic regions, which according to the current administrative-territorial division are mainly 3 regions (+ Zemo Svaneti and Tusheti), including 16 districts and 272 local (community-rural) administrative units. It should be noted, however, that such a division is conditional. Currently, according to the Law on Socio-Economic and Cultural Development of Mountainous Regions adopted by the Parliament of Georgia, the number of such villages at the time of its adoption was 497, at present at the expense of additions 15 villages of the regions were added) their number is 1540. Georgia's mountain resources can be successfully used for such tourism as mountain, recreational, sports and adventure tourism, such as mountaineering, mountaineering, hiking, skiing and crystal, mountain biking, rafting and more. , On which the demand in the world is growing. According to the relevant information, the author of the article proves that these mountainous parts of Georgia have a great tourist wealth and if anything hinders the intensive and large-scale development of tourism there, it is their lack of amenities. Another serious problem is that the villages in the mountainous parts of Georgia are almost empty of young people, while the elderly have no entrepreneurial knowledge. Young people from the mountains either come to work in the bar (in the cities) slowly, or emigrate abroad. The passive attitude of the government towards the mountain, according to the author, is a Soviet legacy, and the lack of funds spent on mountain improvement - "investment shortsightedness". It is true that the development of tourism in the highlands of Georgia has begun, but it is carried out somewhat unsystematically, especially in the case of private tourism services - food establishments, family hotels and others. They do not know the demand for their product because they have no market research education, and even if they do, they do not have access to relevant information. The Georgian Tourism Administration performs this function to some extent, but it does not study it separately for the mountainous regions. However, farmers operating in highland settlements and the private and public sectors themselves point out the lack of qualified human resources and non-compliance with the requirements of the existing market. Vocational schools operate only in Mestia, Ambrolauri, Kazbegi (Stepantsminda and Gudauri) and Tianeti municipalities. At present, most of the mountainous settlements of Georgia are not covered by fiberoptic cable and also not all settlements have access to the services of mobile operators, which limits the access of the local population to the Internet and, consequently, is a barrier to development and access to services According to the population of highland settlements, access to transport is not easy either, although it increased from 31% to 61% between 2015-2018, but access to public transport remains one of the challenges. Only a small part of the highland settlements is supplied with gas supply, 1460 out of 1730 highland settlements (with 85045 potential customers) do not have natural gas supply. It is necessary to study this issue in this context because the mountainous places of Georgia are different and they offer different types of tourist services to tourists. None of them will surprise tourists (especially foreign tourists) with their buses or buses, but with sightseeing tours, hiking and boating routes, sightseeing tours, skiing and fishing, hiking and hiking. Yes. 1387.7 million GEL was spent from the state budget in 2019 on the improvement of Georgia's market infrastructure, road maintenance, construction of new highways, domestic and local roads, which is a grand figure. If the improvement of the mountains was a priority with this amount, then in these two years the "great return" of the population from the bar to the mountains would begin. Since this process has not started, it means that none of the Georgian authorities understood the purpose and significance of the mountain. With his opinions and excerpts from the works of other scientists, the author proves that the Georgian highlands have no alternative to the development of other fields besides tourism. Therefore, we should declare the mountains of Georgia only as a free economic zone for tourism and provide all the necessary benefits. In addition, it is necessary to create and operate a special legislative-normative framework for mining tourism in the context of a free zone, in which the calculation will be to provide tax benefits and provide pro-government support for cheap loans. With such support, mountain tourism will achieve noticeable success and, most importantly, mountain villages will no longer be depopulated. They will be actively involved in attracting tourists and will have an income. Developing a law on a mountainous region and adding 30 or 50 GEL to the salary of those working in the mountains will not change the demographic situation in the mountains, nor will a single 1000-1600 GEL deduction for the purchase of children help. "Radical breakthrough" is needed in the mountains . Today, tourism is a priority sector of the Georgian economy, and its development resources lie in the mountains of Georgia. At such times, when it comes to Georgia's budget, we clearly have Soviet "heredity" and "investment short-sightedness." The author considers Uruguay to be the best example of the development of the Georgian highlands and tourism there.Item Strategic management of hotel service personnel based on innovative approaches(Georgian Foundation for Development of Science and Society “Intellect”, 2025) Baliashvili, Elisabed; Kutateladze, MariamThe article discusses the rapid growth of the hotel industry in the global economy, which is increasingly accompanied by heightened growing attention from companies on service quality. This trend highlights the critical need for strategic human resource management grounded in innovative approaches. Furthermore, it is essential that the recruitment, retention, and development of personnel be integrated into the long-term strategic planning of management. The aim research is to identify potential challenges in the strategic management of hotel service personnel and to determine innovative approaches to address these challenges. Also, raising awareness about the complex set of personality traits, characteristics, competencies, and specific requirements expected of hotel staff. The following aspects were identified and evaluated during the personnel strategic management process: • The importance of recognizing each employee as a unique individual; • The need to focus on the psychological aspects of personnel. Accordingly, the authors propose that the implementation of strategic management in hotel companies should be based on the following innovative approaches: 1. „The Resource-Based View of the firm;“ 2. „Holistic“ development of personnel. In modern conditions, these approaches are unconditionally considered through a creative and innovative lens. They contribute to identifying the qualities of personnel, as well as discovering their potential abilities and competencies, with the aim of supporting their further development. This situation is particularly important, as both the requirements for employees and the characteristics of the company’s personnel are changing. Values, culture, ethics, and norms must be updated as a whole, not just in terms of technology. For a hotel company, human resources represent a particularly valuable asset. Ultimately, this leads to high employee performance and, consequently, a higher quality of hotel service.Item The state of activity of logistics companies and development prospects in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2022) Baliashvili, ElisabedThe article discusses and substantiates the role of effective management of logistics systems in companies engaged in international business. Also, the state of activity of the logistics companies of Georgia, the existing problems and prospects of the country's development in this direction have been investigated. Certain recommendations are given for the country to engage in international business as fully as other developed countries. The object of the research is represented by both resident and international logistics companies present in the market of Georgia. Georgia, like many highly developed and developing countries of the world, is actively involved in world trade and globalization. The desire to get involved is getting stronger, and our country should not be left behind in these processes, which can be achieved by introducing innovations in business companies, improving the supply chain and information-technological environment, and introducing modern logistics systems and their effective management. Globalization and related international economic relations have completely changed the process of mutual influence and cooperation between countries and regions, in which information technologies and the Internet play a major role. Modern information technologies also had a great impact on the block of supply and logistics and received the name of business logistics. Electronic banking operations based on SWIFT and SWIFT II, as well as EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport, Trade and electronic data exchange in transport) to create systems. In the modern world, "Blockchain" is becoming more and more popular, which is developing rapidly, and it can be said that it is one of the "breakthrough technologies" of the technologies of the modern world. Its priority aspects are discussed and substantiated in the work, in particular, it can: • make the supply chain more robust and traceable; • ensure security, immutability and authenticity; • Reducing the complexity of the supply chain and simplifying the process. The research conducted by the World Bank in 2018 reveals that in terms of the development of the logistics system in Georgia, we are at a rather low level, in the rankings we occupy the second place of a hundred countries, which means that we are behind not only many highly developed countries of the world, but also - developing countries, for example, our friendly country - Ukraine. According to the 2018 survey, Germany is still the leader according to the LPI index = 4.20 points. According to the compilers of the index, obtaining a high or satisfactory evaluation of the efficiency of the logistics system in Georgia was prevented by the existing problematic issues, for example, the delay of the procedures at the border checkpoints and the existing tariff policy. Forwarding companies represent an important part of the logistics market in Georgia. The big five leading forwarding companies in the Georgian market are TNT, DHL, UPS, FEDEX, GEBRUDER WEIS - they are well-known brands in the international market, although all of them already have a representative office in Georgia and have been successfully operating in our country for quite some time. For the last few years, Georgian forwarding companies have been trying to provide strong competition to the leading international logistics companies, and in this regard, the "Bene Group" is leading, according to the logisticians, they are working on a new transit web platform and application, which makes it easier for users to calculate the tariff rate according to the selected route and cargo data, and receive tracking information. and be able to easily monitor their cargo. All this is directly related to awareness, which makes the producer much more organized. In order to assess the trade relations of the country, based on the cargo turnover data, the paper examines the state of development of the following logistics channels - railway, sea, road and air transport. Argued conclusions and opinions are made based on the received results. It is determined that by introducing information technologies, effective supply chain management and logistics infrastructure, and increasing the service quality of diverse services, it is possible to maintain an increased number of new customers (cargo owners). Georgia should use all possible ways to increase the efficiency and productivity of the logistics system to increase the economic performance of our country. For the efficient operation of Georgian logistics companies, it is necessary to implement the following stimulating measures: • Some changes should be made in the tax code, it needs to be adjusted; • Due to the low level of infrastructure development, its improvement and improvement should be ensured; • High domestic shipping rates and others should be changed. All this prevents the resident companies from developing properly, while reducing the volume of freight traffic passing through the Georgian corridor. In total, due to such barriers, the country loses quite a lot of economic benefits.Item The way to save the mountainous regions of Georgia is the clustering of tourism !!!(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2022) Katsitadze, Nana; Baliashvili, Elisabed; Tushishvili, NatellaThe rapid development of tourism in Georgia and the benefits caused by it did not reach a significant part of the population of Georgia. In the mountainous regions of Georgia, the problem of unemployment and poverty is still acute, and the social assistance programs and redistribution schemes implemented by the government recently cannot solve the problem, and at the same time they are a heavy burden on the state budget. . There are various mechanisms that help the country overcome poverty, including in the long term. In this regard, sustainable tourism is considered as an effective mechanism that will create opportunities for economic activity and self-employment for the socially vulnerable population The article - "The way to save the mountainous regions of Georgia - is the clustering of tourism !!!" - as its title shows, discusses and justifies the need to open tourist clusters in the mountainous regions of Georgia. The authors, arguing about the advantages of clusters for the development of tourism in the mountainous regions of Georgia, rely on the highly effective results that have been repeatedly proven in the practice of the tourist business and the development of destinations. In the field of multifaceted tourist activity, organizational and economic mechanisms characteristic of the cluster are considered important, such as the complexity of interrelated enterprises, the possibility of studying the situation from a systemic point of view, the implementation of all initiatives and business ideas. в виде клустреной стратегия, efficiency achievement of branding of the mountain-tourist region and others. The article emphasizes the need to use innovative and differentiated management approaches to create inclusive development and sustainable tourism in the mountainous regions of Georgia, since the advantages of achieving success in the latest trends in the international tourism market emphasize the importance of not only the existence of rich tourist resources, but their optimal use in innovative management methods [13]. From this point of view, taking into account the specifics of the mountain regions of Georgia, the authors recommend the creation of tourist clusters of different shapes and themes in the mountain regions of Georgia - Racha-Lechkhumi, Svanetia, Adjaria, Mtianeti, Samtskhe-Javakheti. , Mta-Tusheti, Khevsureti, Pshav and others The article updates various forms of cluster development of rural tourism, for example, community partnerships around wine, "wine villages", "nature and health", "recreational tourism", "traditional gastronomy" and others [15], the development potential of which is the majority of mountain районов Грузии. The authors of the article positively assess the development of three clusters focused on the Georgian tourism market and the introduction of pilot models in the Imereti and Kakheti regions, but at the same time criticize the government for that none of the listed regions belong to the highlands, which have less attractive tourist-recreational resources for the development of tourist clusters than the other sides. Moreover, along with natural conditions in the highlands of Georgia, local and pronounced identity can be used as a resource. The authors of the paper recommend the introduction of thematic clusters and pilot models to save the Georgian highlands. In particular, based on the study of each highland side to be done with a differentiated approach introduce thematic clusters and pilot models such as: 1. Cluster of local wine and gastronomic tourism; 2. Cluster of authentic hotels; 3. Cultural Heritage Cluster. The mountainous regions of Georgia have a rich and diverse tourist resource for the development of tourist clusters, as well as different socio-economic backgrounds and different levels of tourism development maturity, which requires differentiated approaches by region and at the same time the presence of strategic tourism development programs with logical connections at all levels. . Based on the above, the state faces two questions: a) which cluster to promote in each region and b) determine what its role will be in this direction, proactive or reactive.