Browsing by Author "Dolidze, Valerian"
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Item Cumulative process of development of democracy in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2021-06) Dolidze, ValerianUsing processual analysis and theories of democratization, author analysis and explains formation of political regime in Georgia. According to his hypothesis trough the development of political practice unequal level of development of components of democracy become more equal, which generates cumulative effect which puts the regime in the frame of democratic norms. Case of Georgia shows that uneven maturity of components of democracy provides acute contradictions between democratization and de democratization. Nevertheless development of components of democracy never seized even in the liberalized and electoral authoritarian regimes. Process of convergence of different levels of development of components of democracy enlarges institutional and normative base of democracy and increase their resistance to the authoritarian tendencies. Author separates element of democracy from its component. In his view the element of democracy- freedom of political behavior- underpins and is presented in the every component of democracy (political pluralism, freedom of press and etc.) Element and components of democracy influence and strengthen each other. Civil society in Georgia gained its strength after the development of freedom of media and political pluralism. Critical media increase the strength of civil and political societies and vice versa. The emergence of different components of democracy doesn‟t coincide in time. Emergence of opposition preceded adoption of democratic constitution and emergence of democratic elections and etc. In the authors view cumulative process is a process of increase of cumulative effect of different components of democracy through the process of the convergence of the levels of their developments. Development of democratic components faces domination of bureaucracy which is the main source of authoritarian tendencies and de democratization and tries to escape democratic norms of functioning to establish her domination over the society. But through the increasing of the level of equality in the maturation of democratic components space of her domination becomes narrow. Nevertheless democratic components are not so strong to resist intervention of bureaucracy in the politics. In the strengthening of democratic components in Georgia crucial role play USA and EU. They fulfill such function as: 1. Protection and a development of democratic components; 2. Generation of consensus; 3. Compensation of the weakness of inner factors of democratization; 4. Resistance to the authoritarian tendencies and de democratization.Item Post-Pandemic World Order-Place of Georgia in Transformative International System(2020) Tukvadze, Avtandil; Dolidze, Valerian; Ubilava, IrakliThe purpose of the report is a simulated analysis of the situation which will be formed after the economic and political crises caused by COVID19. Many scenarios of organization of the international system of the post-pandemic era has been formulated. Our goal is to predict one of these scenarios in the post –pandemic world for states with great military potentials, the establishment of military-strategic and political control over countries rich in natural resources and raw materials and also those countries that have a geographic location favorable for transit will gain great importance. One of such regions are the southern Caucasus and Georgia, which has a nodal geographic position. The likely restructuring of the world system caused by theoretical and paradigmatic revisionism of world politics will force Georgia to rethink its place in the system of geopolitical relations in the region to ensure national security and stable democratic development. A sociological analysis of modern Georgian society shows a polarized worldviews of generations. A considerable part of the older generation in the cultural sphere is oriented towards traditionally collective values, while in the economic sphere, as a society of collective traditional values and a carrier of social solidarity, it expresses more active support for democratic ideas. As for young people, they are more supportive of globalization, gender equality, the environment and other democratic and liberal- individualistic values. Based on a two-paradigmatic value fragmentation, it is not so difficult to transform Georgia into a two party system, where the youth of society is located on one side of the horizontal political spectrum, which supports the transplantation of a liberal-individualistic and pro-Western value system into Georgian reality and the opposite side will be occupied by that segment of society, which mainly consists of people of the older generation with communist value worldview, whose ideological and value orientations basically coincide with the traditionally conservative, Orthodox values of the ruling power and the population of Russia and in foreign policy will focus on the Russian world. It would be beneficial for the country to operate a bipartisan political system based on liberal and conservative ideologies. It is precisely such a political system operating on the basis of such geopolitical and ideological bipolarism that would be able to create such an order in the geopolitical structure of the region, when principle of mutual restraint of contradicting actors ensure the functioning of the security system based on a balanced foreign policy. And inside the country, this system would be transformed into a political system based on the brink of mutual balancing competence of elites with polarized ideological and world outlooks, standing on different political positions and having equal social bases. A system of balances activated as a result of two-stage differentiation would significantly deepen the democracy of the political system.Item The Process of European Integration and Cycles of Political Development of Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Dolidze, Valerian; დოლიძე, ვალერიანThe author analyzes the influence of Eurointegration process on the democratic development of Georgia. In his view political development of Georgia proceeds through the interaction of foreign and internal factors, which respectively produces two vectors –authoritarian and democratic. European integration strengthens the role of foreign factors in the political development of the country, which compensates the lack of resources of democratization within the country, weakening the influence of past dependence on the political development, which strengthens potential of democratization. The interaction of authoritarian and democratic vectors of political development produces originalities of the post-communist transformation of Georgia, which is manifested in the cyclical character of it. The author identifies and analyzes authoritarian and democratic cycles, revealing the significance of each cycle for the political development of Georgia. In his view the short-term cycles of democratization had been changed by the long-term cycles of authoritarianism, the strengthening of which had been hampered by the European integration. All successive cycles weakened the influence of the past on the political development of the country. Each authoritarian cycle was transformed into the next cycle of democratization (the only exception is the governing of Gamsakhurdia), which were interrupted by a following cycle of authoritarianism. The electoral and political cycles were not in coincidence with each other. Every authoritarian cycle comprised several election cycles, which legitimized them. Elections legitimized also coup d’ etats. Decisive factors of the formation of authoritarian cycles where the expectation of the electorate, which were produced by the charismas of political leaders. The weakening of their charismas provided transformation of authoritarianism into the democratization. Each of the authoritarian cycles fulfilled appropriate functions in the political development of Georgia. The first authoritarian cycle –conservative authoritarianism (the governance of Gamsaxurdia) laid the foundations of the national independence, started to build a new state of post- communist Georgia and weekend the resources of democratization. The second cycle of authoritarianism - liberalized liberal authoritarianism (the governance of Shevardnadze) started building a liberal state, strengthened the westernization of the society, formed a new social-stratification system, strengthened resources of democratization. The third cycle of authoritarianism, liberal authoritarianism (the governance of Saakashvili), strengthened the state institutions, increased the state potential at the expense of the decrease of potential of democratization. The parliamentary elections of 2012 started a new cycle of democratization which was transformed into a nonconsolidated democracy.