Browsing by Author "Tkemaladze, Irma"

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    Features of remote employment in Georgia
    (Publishing house "science journals", 2022) Tkemaladze, Irma
    In the conditions of the global pandemic, remote employment has become an important factor in ensuring the continuity of labor activities of individual socio-demographic groups of the population. At the same time, its spread in Georgia has a kind of "forced" character, and it is not an evolutionary way of replacing standard forms of employment with non-standard ones approved in the West. In fact, the process has evolved in a revolutionary way under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic. As empirical research has shown, the legal remote employment market is characterized by a growth trend according to the following indicators: number of participants, volume of turnover of the projects, professional status, age limit, involvement of low-competitive population, including people with disabilities, overcoming regional imbalances, reduction of general and administrative costs of business. Two forms of remote employment are identified: full and hybrid. Empirical research has established the attitudes of employees towards the mentioned form of employment in the post-pandemic period. It turns out that more than half of the surveyed employees (52%) will continue to work remotely if employers agree. In our opinion, the given percentage allows us to assert that remote employment has real prospects for spreading and developing in the national labor market. We also believe that if it were not for various hindering factors, the share of respondents wishing to have standard employment would be even lower than the results of the survey show.
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    Macroeconomic aspects of labor market regulation
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Tkemaladze, Irma
    In conclusion, it can be said that the growing scale of informal employment remains a problem. Inadequate provision of “decent work” conditions caused by informality, low incomes, and a high degree of precariat. We are dealing with inefficient employment. In the structure of employment, the share of those employed in low-production industries is still high. There is no rationalization of these industries, and measures aimed at increasing their productivity are not being implemented. Innovation projects are rare. The solution to the problem of employment is hampered by the low rate of creation of new jobs, which, in turn, is a consequence of the lag in the development of the manufacturing sectors of the economy. At the same time, as a result of digitalization and innovativeness of the economy, fundamentally new opportunities are opening up, new types of activities are being created, the employment sector is developing and forms of employment are being transformed. In this regard, there is scientific and applied interest in increasing the degree of adaptation to the changed socio-economic conditions of employment. As we can see, since 2018, the country's policy measures in the labor market have been fully focused on creating the necessary conditions for ensuring effective employment; at this stage, there are no really tangible results. However, there is a clear improvement in labor force indicators.
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    Macroeconomic effects of labor market regulation in Georgia
    (National institute of Economic Research, Batumi Navigation Teaching University, 2023) Kakulia, Nazira; Tkemaladze, Irma
    The article discusses the impact of the changes on labor market resulting from the formation of the post-industrial economy and caused by the pandemic crisis, in particular the process of employment forms’ transformation, response measures to the transformation of employment forms are analyzed, the stages of the employment policy for the study period are separated, the need to implement the employment policy necessary for the symbiotic development of standard and non-standard forms of employment is substantiated. We conclude that labor market policies are more "sensitive" in nature than other policies. Therefore, choosing the distortionist model emphasized by the World Bank or the interventionist model prioritized by the International Labor Organization will not lead us to the results that may have been achieved in other countries. In our opinion, it is recommended to use a more intermediate approach, which considers the labor market policy in the framework of the general economic policy, and the final goal of economic reforms is not only a high rate of economic growth, but also an increase in the well-being of the population. By studying the employment policy, it became clear that the course of the last period is actually aimed at providing effective employment, at the same time, complex measures are being taken to improve the current situation in the labor market. However, as determined by the conducted expert research, only the perfection of the legal framework is not enough for the effectiveness of the policy. It is necessary to strengthen the enforcement mechanism and control the results.
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    Modern labor market in Georgia - challenges and solutions
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Tkemaladze, Irma
    In today's labor market, it is crucial to understand the relationship between education, work experience, and professional skills in order to ensure effective employment. This article aims to investigate the impact of measures aimed at improving these aspects on the employment landscape. By analyzing the correlation coefficient, specifically Pearson's coefficient, we can determine their influence on effective employment. Furthermore, we will identify factors that hinder career progression and create barriers for new entrants to the job market. Additionally, we will explore the prevalence of non-standard employment forms and their potential for growth. Extensive research on the current labor market situation has shed light on the factors that impede career advancement and create artificial barriers for newcomers. Moreover, we have identified the factors influencing secondary and incomplete employment. In this article, we will delve into the scale of non-standard employment in the labor market and investigate its future prospects. Several working hypotheses were formulated and tested to gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter. The first hypothesis (H1) posits that "increasing work experience affects earnings growth." Through examination, we discovered that accumulated human capital from work experience does enhance employment opportunities but does not guarantee effective employment. The second hypothesis (H2) explores the impact of measures aimed at improving professional skills on wage increases. The findings indicate that while such measures did lead to wage growth for a small portion of respondents, it is clear that education, at this stage, primarily serves as a signal to employers in the selection process rather than creating institutional connections between education and employment systems. This lack of connection ultimately devalues education and human capital, limiting the creation of innovative job opportunities. The third hypothesis (H3), which has been confirmed through our research, explores the correlation between the length of work experience and the demand for social guarantees. This hypothesis specifically aims to assess the potential for the proliferation of non-standard forms of employment. It is paramount to acknowledge that the provision of social guarantees within the employment process holds significant importance for employees with substantial work experience. Consequently, our research has led us to a crucial conclusion: the historical memory of receiving diverse forms of assistance and the reliance on the state can pose as significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of non-standard employment arrangements, particularly those with more negative connotations, within the context of Georgia. Our analysis of the factors influencing secondary and incomplete employment has yielded significant insights. We have determined that these forms of employment are often a result of negative economic events. Most individuals engage in such employment out of necessity, driven by low incomes, rather than by choice (H4 and H5). The majority of respondents expressed a willingness to abandon secondary and part-time employment if provided with stable working conditions and adequate remuneration. Our research has highlighted the barriers faced by young individuals seeking to enter the labor market. Insufficient work experience, largely due to the ineffective functioning of internship programs, often hampers their ability to secure employment. Additionally, employers' ill-considered and unsubstantiated qualification requirements for vacant positions create artificial barriers for this segment of the labor force to adapt to the job market. Based on the findings of this study, we have formulated several recommendations to improve the labor market situation. It is crucial to establish stronger connections between education and employment systems, fostering innovation and creating more opportunities for job seekers. Furthermore, internships should be redesigned to provide young individuals with practical experience and enhance their employability. Employers should also reassess their qualification requirements to ensure they accurately reflect the needs of the job and do not unnecessarily exclude qualified candidates. In conclusion, by understanding the interplay between education, work experience, and professional skills, we can enhance employment effectiveness. By addressing the identified challenges and implementing the recommended improvements, we can create a more inclusive labor market that offers better opportunities for individuals to achieve meaningful and effective employment.
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    Modern labor market in Georgia - challenges and solutions
    (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Tkemaladze, Irma
    In today's labor market, it is crucial to understand the relationship between education, work experience, and professional skills in order to ensure effective employment. This article aims to investigate the impact of measures aimed at improving these aspects on the employment landscape. By analyzing the correlation coefficient, specifically Pearson's coefficient, we can determine their influence on effective employment. Furthermore, we will identify factors that hinder career progression and create barriers for new entrants to the job market. Additionally, we will explore the prevalence of non-standard employment forms and their potential for growth. Extensive research on the current labor market situation has shed light on the factors that impede career advancement and create artificial barriers for newcomers. Moreover, we have identified the factors influencing secondary and incomplete employment. In this article, we will delve into the scale of non-standard employment in the labor market and investigate its future prospects. Several working hypotheses were formulated and tested to gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter. The first hypothesis (H1) posits that "increasing work experience affects earnings growth." Through examination, we discovered that accumulated human capital from work experience does enhance employment opportunities but does not guarantee effective employment. The second hypothesis (H2) explores the impact of measures aimed at improving professional skills on wage increases. The findings indicate that while such measures did lead to wage growth for a small portion of respondents, it is clear that education, at this stage, primarily serves as a signal to employers in the selection process rather than creating institutional connections between education and employment systems. This lack of connection ultimately devalues education and human capital, limiting the creation of innovative job opportunities. The third hypothesis (H3), which has been confirmed through our research, explores the correlation between the length of work experience and the demand for social guarantees. This hypothesis specifically aims to assess the potential for the proliferation of non-standard forms of employment. It is paramount to acknowledge that the provision of social guarantees within the employment process holds significant importance for employees with substantial work experience. Consequently, our research has led us to a crucial conclusion: the historical memory of receiving diverse forms of assistance and the reliance on the state can pose as significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of non-standard employment arrangements, particularly those with more negative connotations, within the context of Georgia. Our analysis of the factors influencing secondary and incomplete employment has yielded significant insights. We have determined that these forms of employment are often a result of negative economic events. Most individuals engage in such employment out of necessity, driven by low incomes, rather than by choice (H4 and H5). The majority of respondents expressed a willingness to abandon secondary and part-time employment if provided with stable working conditions and adequate remuneration. Our research has highlighted the barriers faced by young individuals seeking to enter the labor market. Insufficient work experience, largely due to the ineffective functioning of internship programs, often hampers their ability to secure employment. Additionally, employers' ill-considered and unsubstantiated qualification requirements for vacant positions create artificial barriers for this segment of the labor force to adapt to the job market. Based on the findings of this study, we have formulated several recommendations to improve the labor market situation. It is crucial to establish stronger connections between education and employment systems, fostering innovation and creating more opportunities for job seekers. Furthermore, internships should be redesigned to provide young individuals with practical experience and enhance their employability. Employers should also reassess their qualification requirements to ensure they accurately reflect the needs of the job and do not unnecessarily exclude qualified candidates. In conclusion, by understanding the interplay between education, work experience, and professional skills, we can enhance employment effectiveness. By addressing the identified challenges and implementing the recommended improvements, we can create a more inclusive labor market that offers better opportunities for individuals to achieve meaningful and effective employment.