Browsing by Author "Veshapidze, Shota"
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Item About population growth and global problems(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2021) Veshapidze, Shota; Zubiashvili, TamazPopulation growth is a trend in the modern world economy. Its growth rate is gradually decreasing significantly. Differences in population growth rates are observed between developed, developing and transition economies. In developed countries, declining fertility and expected life expectancy are leading to the stabilization of population size and aging. International migration is becoming an important source of population growth in these countries. In many developing countries, high population growth rates are maintained. Many developing countries are less able to cope with the problems caused by the growing population, which is related to the provision of adequate income, food security, employment and basic social services for the growing population. In addition, the proper management of natural resources, which in many developing countries have traditionally ensured the survival of a large part of the population, is of great importance. Georgia, like other countries with economies in transition, has been in a deep economic crisis since the 1990s, when the country began to transition from a planned economic system to a market economy. Living conditions in the country have deteriorated and the population has decreased. Population growth is a precondition for the emergence of global poverty, food and environmental problems. In order to overcome these challenges, it is important to strengthen the joint efforts and take into account the interests and needs of different countries of the world.Item About the dangers of academic competition(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Veshapidze, ShotaThe purpose of this article's research is to protect the conduct of open manner for the competition for academic positions, which must comply with the principles of transparency, equality and fair competition. The subject of the research is ensuring the protection of the rights of the participants in the competitions to holding academic positions. The object of the research is the dangers arising in the process of actual implementation of certain legal norms and their causes. In the research process, the methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, and analogy are used, which will allow us to reveal the challenges of academic competitions, real dangers and fair ways to overcome them. In order for the academic staff to carry out their activities safely and effectively, it is necessary to protect the freedom of labor. It is important to avoid or prevent discrimination, manipulation, favoritism, nepotism, corruption and other dangers when conducting academic competitions. Keywords: Freedom of labor, non-compliance with international legal norms, discrimination, threats of manipulation, favoritism, nepotism, corruption. | სტატიის კვლევის მიზანს შეადგენს აკადემიური თანამდებობის დასაკავებელი კონკურსის ღია წესით ჩატარების დაცვა, რომელიც უნდა შეესაბამებოდეს გამჭვირვალობის, თანასწორობისა და სამართლიანი კონკურენციის პრინციპებს. კვლევის საგანია აკადემიური თანამდებობების დასაკავებელ კონკურსებში მონაწილეთა უფლებების დაცვის უზრუნველყოფა. კვლევის ობიექტია გარკვეული საკანონმდებლო ნორმების რეალური განხორციელების პროცესში წარმოშობილი საფრთხეები და მისი გამომწვევი მიზეზები. კვლევის პროცესში გამოყენებულია შედარებითი ანალიზის, სინთეზის, ანალოგიის მეთოდები, რაც საშუალებას მოგვცემს გამოვავლინოთ აკადემიური კონკურსების გამოწვევები, რეალური საფრთხეები და მისი დაძლევის სამართლიანი გზები. იმისთვის რომ აკადემიურმა პერსონალმა თავისი საქმიანობა დაცულად და ეფექტიანად განახორციელოს, აუცილებელია შრომის თავისუფლების დაცვა. მნიშვნელოვანია, რომ აკადემიური კონკურსების ჩატარებისას თავი დავაღწიოთ დისკრიმინაციის, მანიპულირების, ფავორიტიზმის, ნეპოტიზმის, კორუფციის და სხვა საფრთხეებს, ან მოვახდინოთ მათი პრევენცია.Item Decarbonization of energy and challenges of sustainable development of Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Veshapidze, Shota; Kereselidze, Levan; Tsirdava, NinoRelevance of the topic. Over time, climate change mitigation and decarbonization in the energy sector has become one of the top priorities of the modern world. Achieving climate neutrality involves not only reducing existing carbon emissions as much as possible, but also transforming all sectors of the economy in such a way that it becomes environmentally sustainable. The aim of the paper is to analyze Georgia's opportunities and challenges in the process of energy decarbonization, especially in the conditions when the globalization of the economy is actively underway and climate change is the primary topic of international cooperation. In order to achieve climate neutrality, Georgia, like other countries, is obliged to apply relevant political, economic and technological innovations in order to reduce harmful effects on the environment and ensure sustainable energy development. For this purpose, the article analyzes the measures taken by the European Union. Mechanisms and tools for carrying out these measures are shown. The transition to a climate-neutral economy is associated with high costs, which may not be economically viable for some countries. Such countries are trying to bypass activities for the process of greening the economy, which is why it is necessary to use deterrent tools. In the article, the impact of the economic globalization process on both the eco- system and humanity is analyzed from an ethical and economic point of view. The research subject of the paper is the study of the challenges of decarbonization of energy and Georgia's opportunities, the ways to achieve climate neutrality in the wake of the globalization of the economy. Practical value. The paper discusses the legislative framework of climate change in Georgia and the need to create a unified legislative system to achieve climate neutrality based on it. The need to speed up the formation of the global energy market and the need for Georgia's integration with it are emphasized. The implementation of the "Georgian Energy Ex- change" is considered one of the steps taken on the path of integration. Results and discussion. In the article, based on research, the target sectors for the structural changes necessary for the decarbonization of Georgian energy are highlighted. The issue of raising public awareness, introducing and developing innovative technologies, and the need for a strong legislative and financial-economic base is substantiated. The importance of the integration of Georgian energy with the energy of the European Union has been established and recommendations have been developed for the implementation of this goal. Conclusion. Decarbonization of Georgian energy is one of the most important conditions for economic and ecological sustainability of the country. The paper confirms that in or- der to achieve the global climate goals, Georgia needs a complex strategy that includes both legal, technological and social initiatives. Only by synthesizing international cooperation and national approaches can the country successfully solve the challenges of decarbonization and ensure sustainable energy development.Item Economic perspective of establishing strategic partnership between China and Georgia(Loi, 2023) Karchava, Loid; Veshapidze, Shota; Chiabrishvili, KetevanThe field of interest of this article is the detection and definition of modern challenges and perspectives of protection of strategic national interests. Interest in the topic is due to the fact that no country can deal with the most pressing problems of our time in isolation from other countries. They can be overcome only within the framework of close international cooperation. Georgia's progress depends to a significant extent on the establishment of strategic partnerships with other countries, the purpose of which is to promote joint development. The purpose of the research carried out within the article is to reveal and define the main aspects of the economic prospects of establishing a strategic partnership between the People's Republic of China and Georgia. The subject of the research is the analysis of the establishment of strategic partnership between China and Georgia, the evaluation and systematization of its modern manifestations. It has been revealed what results the connections between the countries have brought, what challenges and opportunities are emerging in the future. The object of the research is the state of economic cooperation established between China and Georgia at the present stage and the creation of favorable conditions for their stable long-term development. Among the main research methods used, the general scientific methods of induction and deduction, the method of theoretical systematic analysis and the monographic (descriptive) method should be noted. The research is of practical importance in terms of creating favorable conditions for the long-term development of mutually beneficial economic cooperation between China and Georgia.Item European experience of green energy development and prospects for Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Veshapidze, ShotaThe subject of this paper is the development of recommendations for the development of renewable energy sources in Georgia. For this purpose, the article analyzes the practice of leading European countries in the field of renewable energy sources. The paper shows: two main mechanisms supporting this industry. The significance of implementation of clean energy promotion measures in Georgia is analyzed and recommendations for their improvement are given.Item Georgia's Aspiration Towards EU Integration: A Pathway to Economic and Social Prosperity(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2025) Veshapidze, ShotaGeorgia’s aspiration to integrate into the European Union (EU) is a significant factor that is transforming the country’s political landscape and improving its economic and social well-being. This article examines Georgia’s path towards EU integration, analyzing its economic, social and political reforms against the backdrop of EU standards. By examining the strategic benefits and challenges of integration, the study aims to understand the multifaceted nature of EU-Georgia relations, highlighting the opportunities and obstacles that lie ahead. As Georgia continues to strengthen its ties with Europe, EU integration is seen as a path to economic modernization, democratic development, and regional stability, making it a key area for Georgia’s future. The aim of this article is to assess Georgia’s progress towards EU integration by examining how this trajectory can enhance its economic and social development, as well as its potential to overcome the challenges of the process. It focuses on Georgia’s EU integration process, specifically examining the economic, political, and social consequences of EU membership. It examines the strategies, policies, and institutional changes needed for successful integration. The object of the study is the process of Georgia's integration into the European Union, with a particular focus on its economic reforms, social transformation and compliance with EU standards. The study uses qualitative and quantitative methods, including a review of policy documents, EU reports and academic articles. Comparative analysis is used to assess the experiences of other Eastern European countries in the process of joining the EU. The practical significance of this work lies in its potential to inform policymakers, international organizations, and Georgian citizens about the benefits and challenges of EU integration. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the necessary reforms and strategic decisions needed to ensure Georgia's smooth and successful accession to the EU. The conclusion is that Georgia’s European integration is a complex and dynamic process that delivers significant economic and social benefits. However, the path to membership requires significant reforms, sustained political will, and active participation of Georgian citizens. Georgia, if it successfully advances its EU accession process, could serve as an example for other countries in the region aspiring to European integration.Item Georgia's European integration perspective(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2024) Veshapidze, Shota; Kitashvili, SofikoThe purpose of the research of this work is to examine the long-term economic relations be- tween the European Union and Georgia, to reveal the economic potential of Georgia and the priority directions that the country has on the way to European integration. For this purpose, the article analyzes the past experiences of some EU member states, from candidacy to the present day. It shows the prospects for Georgia's economic development and the country's strategic goal - ensuring freedom, stability, and development of Georgia, safeguarding human, family security, health, social status, dignified ageing, and protecting all human rights. The paper analyzes several priority directions of the European Union and its long-term perspectives, the historical aspects of cooperation between Georgia and the EU, and Georgia's proactive steps to deepen integration with the EU. It also analyzes the challenges Georgia faces in various fields, such as innovative development and the development of the transport- logistics function, which is a key precondition for the utilization of the country's economic potential. The positive involvement of the EU in the achieved successes has been identified. Obtaining EU candidate status is naturally considered a positive and forward-looking step. Georgia is given solid and enhanced opportunities for positive changes, reforms, and raising the country's welfare. The country will more quickly achieve a higher pace of population welfare growth — specifically, it will reduce unemployment and poverty, increase the average pension, reduce mortality from road-transport accidents, decrease CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, and improve air quality. The European Union is Georgia's largest donor; the integration bloc annually provides substantial amounts of grants to support reforms. The aim of the assistance is to develop the economic situation, raise the quality of education, establish good, unbiased, fair governance harmonized with European standards, and protect human rights, environmental protection being defined as one of the priority directions. The article compares development rates and economic indicators between EU member and non-member developing countries. It reveals the tendency that the EU member country achieves progress in economic, political, and social spheres more quickly and relatively easily. Georgia is one of the leading transit countries — its geopolitical location serves as a kind of bridge between the West and Central Asia. This location allows the country to occupy an im- portant place in global economic processes. Developing the country's potential in this direction, such as the "Europe-Caucasus-Asia Corridor Program," the Transcaucasian pipelines—"Baku- Tbilisi-Ceyhan" and "Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum" gas pipelines, the Black Sea ports of Batumi and Poti, and the construction of the deep-water port of Anaklia, turning Georgia into a transport- economic hub, will also be beneficial.Item Georgia's European Integration Perspective(„Smarty“ Publishing, 2025) Veshapidze, Shota; Jamagidze, Lela; Kereselidze, Levan; Putkaradze, Ramaz; Daudishvili, Tina; Kitashvili, Sopiko; Megreladze, GiorgiGeorgia’s aspiration towards the European Union (EU), which represents a unique integration, is vital for fostering its economic growth, development and global competitiveness. A thorough analysis of the experiences of both EU member and non-member countries can be helpful for Georgia to deepen its European integration process. As a result, the country will be better positioned to transform existing challenges into opportunities in a consistent and successful manner. Situated at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, Georgia has long held a strategic geopolitical position, enriched by its deep historical and cultural heritage. Since gaining independence, the country has actively engaged in European integration processes. The prospect of Georgia’s European integration encompasses multiple dimensions. Among them the present study focuses on the agricultural and industrial sectors, transport and trade infrastructure, investment growth, innovation, and the harmonization of national legislation the EU standards. A targeted and continuous commitment to European integration is essential, as this process directly contributes to opening new opportunities for Georgia, ensures stability, and fosters its resilient development. If this trajectory remains irreversible, Georgia will be able to achieve an optimal synthesis of universal EU values and standards. Consequently, integration with the EU will facilitate the country’s transformation into a more secure, democratic, and sustainable society, yielding economic benefits, improving social conditions and governance, and strengthening political stability and security. Today, Georgia faces an extraordinarily complex geopolitical environment. One of the most significant roles of the country is to function as a bridge connecting the West and the East—a role that is now more relevant than ever. To fulfill this function effectively, a precise analysis of the geopolitical landscape is required to maximize national benefits. Under the critical conditions Georgia currently faces, integration with the European Union represents a key instrument for safeguarding national interests. This integration should be pursued with a clear understanding of its implications, ensuring the best possible relations with neighboring states and the broader region.Item International economic relations of Georgia at the modern stage of globalization(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2023) Veshapidze, Shota; Putkatadze, RamazIn the presented article, the field of interest of scientific research is the identification and determination of the results and perspectives of Georgia's participation in international eco-nomic relations. The interest in the research topic is due to the fact that the level of economic development of Georgia is significantly dependent on the quality of relations with the rest of the world and international economic unions. International economic relations are an important factor of the country's sustainable de-velopment, which contributes to the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, the rational use of natural resources, the globalization of the world economy, the sharing of inter-national production experience, the accelerated development of international trade in goods and services, the free movement of capital and people. The purpose of the research is an in-depth examination of the results and perspectives of Georgia's participation in international economic relations. Its essence is expressed in the participation of Georgia in the trade of goods, services and technologies, it is also important to cover the aspects of the international movement of labor and capital, integration with the countries of the world, digitalization of the economy. The subject of the research is the evaluation of the results of international economic relations of Georgia. In particular, the analysis of what results the proximity to the international community and the involvement in the world economy have brought to the country, as well as what opportunities can be seen in the future. The object of the research project is the international economic relations of Georgia formed at the modern stage of globalization, the mechanisms of regulation of foreign trade of Georgia, the priority directions of transport and logistics services of Georgia in the world market, the participation of Georgia in the international migration of capital and labor and international economic integration. The research has the character of both quantitative and mostly qualitative research, which is based on both Georgian and foreign scientific publications, reports of international economic organizations and other sources about the development of international economic relations of Georgia. In particular, the research is based on: United Nations and international organizations documents, reports, researches; Georgian policy documents, development strategies; relevant laws and regulations; sociological research materials and others. The research will be carried out on the basis of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis, based on an in-depth analysis of the results and perspectives of international economic relations of Georgia. Among the theoretical and empirical research methods used in the process of working on the research project, the desk research and field research methods are worth mentioning. Desk research includes the analysis of relevant statistics, articles, letters, policy documents, institutions, legislation etc. Field research includes both quantitative and qualitative sociological surveys. In today's conditions, the global economy has entered a new era of national security. The COVID-19 pandemic has made clear the vulnerability caused by the extreme dependence on global supply chains and the lack of coordination to combat global health risks. But what has most informed this new era is Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, sabotage of the world economy, food wars, and energy wars. In addition to the human and economic losses, the war in Ukraine has sharply intensified the rift between the Western and Eastern geopolitical blocs, gathered around the United States and China, respectively. In the modern world, the economic development of any country depends on both domestic and foreign factors. Therefore, in the conditions of modern socio-economic development, international economic relations are one of the most important factors of sustainable development of Georgia. It contributes to the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, the rational use of natural resources, the globalization of the world economy, the exchange of industrial experience, the accelerated development of international economic relations and world trade in goods and services. The main goal of the development of the world economy is the maximum use of the advantages of the joint economic potential of the world community. At the same time, it is necessary to realize that countries play different roles in this process, and the international importance of any country or its individual region is based on existing natural resources, the dynamics of economic development, its place in the world system of production of goods and services, and the existence of financial resources, its availability. Georgia is successfully involved in the world economic community, increases its export potential, expands economic cooperation with the countries of the world, establishes mutually beneficial relations with the USA, the European Union, the Republics of Azerbaijan and Armenia, the Middle East, Kazakhstan and other Central Asian republics, the Russian Federation, China, European countries, with Japan, with the entire world community, which is a set of interacting entities for the purpose of regulating international relations. Systematic understanding of international economic relations is necessary for Georgia's integration into the world economic community. Therefore, it is important to find out the accompanying trends of the global processes of the modern world economic space and their impact on our country. It is important to assess where the future development of the sovereign state of Georgia is headed, in what ways the safety and well-being of our citizens can be ensured, what are its priorities, what are the external orientations of the country's development. In this context, the European integration of Georgia is an important issue. In this short time, the priority of the country is to get the candidate status and get even closer to the EU membership. The news of the article is next. Overcoming the world global economic crisis of 2007-2008 at low rates, which is manifested by the slowing down of the growth rate of world trade, by reducing the flows of direct foreign investments, first of all, in developing market countries, means that new tendencies in the development of international economic relations have emerged. It concerns the international movement of factors of production, new tendencies in the international movement of capital and labor, as well as changes in the international market of intellectual property. The globalization of the economy is significantly influenced by the development of the digital economy, which depicts the impact of digitalization on each form of international economic relations. Based on the analysis of the official documents of the international organizations, the tendency of expanding the digital economy and overcoming the digital inequality in the 21st century is intersected.Item Modern international economic relations of Georgia(„Smarty“ Publishing, 2024) Veshapidze, Shota; Bakhtadze, Lela; Putkaradze, Ramaz; Kharitonashvili, Jemal; Danelia, Irakli; Lominashvili, Mikheil; Chantladze, NanukaThe global economy has entered a new age of national security under current conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability caused by our reliance on global supply chains and a lack of collaboration in combating global health hazards. However, what has most distinguished this new century is Russia’s unjustified invasion of Ukraine, global economic devastation, food and energy warfare. Aside from the human and economic costs, the war in Ukraine has widened the schism between the Western and Eastern geopolitical blocs, which are centered on the United States and China, respectively. In the contemporary world, a country’s economic development is influenced by both local and external influences. As a result, in the context of modern socioeconomic growth, international economic ties are one of the most significant variables influencing Georgia’s long-term development. It helps to promote scientific and technical progress, the judicious use of natural resources, globalization of the world economy, the exchange of industrial expertise, the rapid growth of international economic ties, and worldwide commerce in products and services. The primary objective of global economic development is to maximize the benefits of the entire community’s combined economic capacity. At the same time, it is important to recognize that countries play different roles in this process, and the international importance of any country or its individual region is based on existing natural resources, economic development dynamics, its place in the global system of production of goods and services, and the existence and availability of financial resources. Georgia successfully participates in the global economic community, increases its export potential, expands economic cooperation with the rest of the world, and establishes mutually beneficial relations with the United States, the European Union, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Middle East, Kazakhstan and other Central Asian republics, the Russian Federation, China, European countries, and Japan. A thorough grasp of international economic connections is required for Georgia’s incorporation into the global economy. As a result, it is critical to understand the associated developments of current world economic processes and their influence on Georgia. It is critical to determine where the sovereign state of Georgia’s future growth is heading, how it can secure the safety and well-being of its population, what its priorities are, and what the country’s external orientations are. In this context, the European integration of Georgia is an important issue. In a short period of time, Georgia received the status of a candidate for the European Union, and the country is successfully following the path of optimal synthesis of European values, advanced experience, sharing and establishment of achieved standards.Item Modern priorities of ensuring foreign economic security of Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2023) Veshapidze, ShotaEconomic security is one of the most important features of the economy, and ensuring the safe functioning of the country's economy is a necessary condition for its competitive and sustainable development. It is important to systematize conceptual approaches to ensuring external economic security in the context of global risks and threats. Basic approaches to the concept of economic security of the country and methods of fighting it are defined by different concepts. Among them, the institutional concepts of protection against cameralist, Keynesian and administrative barriers are noteworthy. Foreign competitors (according to F. Liszt), "market failure" (according to J. M. Keynes) and "state failure" (according to H. De Soto) can pose threats to the economic security of each country. Different strands of foreign trade policy are important, including mercantilism, protectionism, free trade, super-protectionism, private monopoly protectionism, collective protectionism, and neo-protectionism. Depending on the different motives for the introduction of trade barriers, five types of neo-protectionism can be distinguished: "protectionism of lobbyists," "protectionism of industrialists," "protectionism of geostrategists," "protectionism of populists," "benevolent protectionism." The main role in the intensive growth of trade barriers belongs to developed countries, which previously supported free trade and globalization They were catchers. External economic security is ensuring the development of economic processes in the country, which will create the necessary (acceptable) conditions and resources for economic stability and development of society. The national security of the country is characterized, first of all, by the state of the economy and its competitiveness on the world markets. The more stable and competitive the economy, the higher its level of economic security. Foreign economic security includes its provision in the main forms of international economic relations, such as: problems of ensuring economic security within the international division of labor; Assessment of the results of direct and portfolio investments in the global economy for the external economic security of the country; ensuring foreign economic security of international trade; Modern monetary and financial system and international economic security. There is a close relationship between modern technologies, economic security and the growth of sustainable economic development potential in Georgia. The influence of the fourth industrial revolution on the economic and innovative potential of Georgia is decisive. Technological progress helps increase economic opportunity and prosperity. The role of innovative policy in ensuring the economic security of the state is great. Successfully solving the problems of attracting investments in the field of science is an important factor in the growth of natural, industrial, scientific, technical and labor potential of Georgia. The emergence of the Internet, the development of artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things and 5G technologies has accelerated the digital transformation of the world economy. The rapid development of digital technologies has created a highly coordinated digital economy that transcends geographic boundaries and industry sectors. Digital transformation in the global economy brings both positive results and threats to its development. Significant economic benefits resulting from the digitization of the economy include increased productivity, job creation, enhanced international trade and innovation. In addition, there are potential risks and negative effects. The workplace is being replaced by technology, data privacy is at risk, market issues and etc. The official documents received by the Georgian state allow for the regulation and maintenance of the country's security management processes. At the same time, the modern mechanism of ensuring economic security must be constantly transformed along with new risks and threats emerging in the country's economic sector. Correct positioning to overcome external and internal threats to the national economy ensures the economic sovereignty of the country, the unity of its economic space and the conditions for the implementation of strategic national priorities. Practical importance It is important to identify the existing threats to the external economic security of the Republic of Georgia and to develop directions for improving the security system, which ensures a favorable international position of the national economy. This means not identifying the importance of one type of threat in relation to others, but studying their interrelationship, interdependence and mutual influence. To build an effective system of external economic security, it is necessary to identify the most dangerous external threats, to rank them in order to determine the directions that require operational regulation or consistent strategic neutralization. When assessing threats, it is necessary to use both the entire complex system of indicators, as well as their threshold values, which reflect the boundaries of safe development of the national economy. This will make it possible to identify Georgia's external economic threats, challenges and risks, develop tools and recommendations for its solution. The formation of the national security strategy of Georgia can be determined according to a 5-step system scheme, which includes: Determination of the theoretical concepts, methodological sources and basic concepts of the strategy; Assessment of Georgia's involvement in today's world based on the analysis of the current situation: trends and opportunities; National interests and national strategic priorities of Georgia; Ensuring national security; Strategy realization organization and mechanisms.Item On the basic concepts of economic security assurance(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Veshapidze, ShotaThis article delves into the fundamental concepts of economic security as developed by three significant economists: Friedrich List, John Maynard Keynes, and Hernando de Soto. It explores their varying perspectives on economic security, examining their historical context, theories, and contributions to the broader field of economics. The article also evaluates how their ideas continue to shape current economic policies and practices. Through a critical literature review, the paper highlights the relevance of their theories to modern global economic systems, providing a comparative analysis of their economic security models. The goal is to offer a deeper understanding of how these thinkers have influenced economic security discourse and how their ideas can be applied in contemporary economic challenges. The practical significance of this article lies in its potential to inform policymakers, economists, and institutions working on global and national economic security issues. By understanding the foundational theories of economic security, policymakers can develop strategies that integrate historical perspectives with contemporary challenges. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into the role of state intervention, economic policies, and property rights in promoting economic stability and growth.Item Prospects for the development of Georgia's trade with the European Union(Publishing House "Loi", 2024) Veshapidze, Shota; Megreladze, GiorgiThe article focuses on the impact of Georgia obtaining EU candidate status on its international trade. The interest in this topic stems from the fact that Georgia's acquisition of candidate status marks a significant step towards integration with the European Union. Many people directly associate Georgia's development with integration into the European family and expect that along with this integration, welfare in Georgia will significantly improve. Therefore, we consider it important to investigate the potential impact of obtaining EU candidate status on Georgia's foreign trade. The aim of the research is to determine the effects of obtaining candidate status, how it will impact Georgia, and how the situation of Georgia's foreign trade will change. The research subject is the assessment and analysis of the effects arising from the acquisition of candidate status, the analysis of positive and negative events that Georgia may face, and the opportunities and challenges that Georgia will encounter. The object of the research is the relationship between the European Union and Georgia and the regional influence that current events may have. Among the methods used in the study, it should be noted the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as the method of systematic research. The research has practical significance in terms of creating favorable conditions for the long-term development of economic cooperation between Georgia and the European Union.Item Some economic aspects of security in the context of economic theories(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Veshapidze, ShotaThe text emphasizes that the problem of economic security of a person is directly related to the formation of the state and the economic involvement of society. This can be reflected in the following historical contexts: a) Ancient societies: economic security mainly de- pended on clan or community support. The issue of individual security was not considered in isolation. b) Feudalism and mercantilism: the idea of economic security expanded and the state actively intervened in economic processes, for example, regulating coinage systems or protecting national markets. c) The era of industrialization: the economic security of the individual was linked to social guarantees such as wages, working conditions and pensions. d) Contemporary context: Today, economic security includes not only physical needs, but also digital security, challenges of globalization and the impact of environmental problems. Field of interest and relevance of the paper. The work deals with the problems related to the origin of states and participation in economic life, the main focus of which is on ensuring the economic security of individuals, society and the state. The issue of economic security is still relevant today, which is caused by the growth of globalization, economic crises and new security challenges. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding contemporary problems through historical analysis, which allows to find out alternative ways of economic security. The purpose of the research is to identify the historical types that ensured the eco- nomic security of the person. Based on the purpose of the research, the following tasks were identified: separation of historical types of security (in terms of individual, society, state); including identifying common features and analyzing them in specific historical contexts. It helps to understand alternative ways of developing concepts of economic security of a person. The subject of research is the evolution of economic security of a person. The object of research is: basic economic ideas, views and concepts. Research methodology includes comparative analysis, historical method, induction and deduction, as well as its critical evaluation. These approaches contribute to the comparison of historical and modern contexts, to reveal their parallels, as well as to clarify the universal and specific factors of economic security. However, the research framework can be complex given the changing social, political and technological contexts. Historical and contemporary connections. The paper analyzes approaches to ensuring economic security from ancient times to the present day; The main concepts related to today's reality are separated; It is revealed how past experience can become the basis for determining alternative ways of modern economic security. Therefore, the text emphasizes the fact that historical experience paves the way for the creation of alternative models. This includes: a) eco- nomic policy integration: global and local approaches; b) Inclusion of technological changes: impact of digital economy and artificial intelligence on economic security; c) Environmental factors: the economic aspect of risks related to climate change. General conclusions and future perspectives. The paper establishes that economic security is not a static concept; It changes over time. By analyzing past models, it is possible to create systems that balance the interests of individuals, society, and the state. Taking into ac- count modern challenges requires a more multi-functional approach to economic security, which includes the integration of technological and environmental factors. In addition, the work deals not only with the historical aspects of the problems, but also with the possibilities of their practical application today. Analysis of historical types serves to develop new ways of economic security that respond to contemporary challenges. The work combines historical analysis, modern problems and establishing connections between them. It shows that the development of concepts of economic security over time relies on both past experience and the specifics of contemporary conditions. The text is the basis of a multifaceted analysis, which helps to identify alternative ways of ensuring economic security.Item Some economic aspects of security in the context of economic theories(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2024) Veshapidze, ShotaThe text emphasizes that the problem of economic security of a person is directly related to the formation of the state and the economic involvement of society. This can be reflected in the following historical contexts: a) Ancient societies: economic security mainly de- pended on clan or community support. The issue of individual security was not considered in isolation. b) Feudalism and mercantilism: the idea of economic security expanded and the state actively intervened in economic processes, for example, regulating coinage systems or protecting national markets. c) The era of industrialization: the economic security of the individual was linked to social guarantees such as wages, working conditions and pensions. d) Contemporary context: Today, economic security includes not only physical needs, but also digital security, challenges of globalization and the impact of environmental problems. Field of interest and relevance of the paper. The work deals with the problems related to the origin of states and participation in economic life, the main focus of which is on ensuring the economic security of individuals, society and the state. The issue of economic security is still relevant today, which is caused by the growth of globalization, economic crises and new security challenges. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding contemporary problems through historical analysis, which allows to find out alternative ways of economic security. The purpose of the research is to identify the historical types that ensured the eco- nomic security of the person. Based on the purpose of the research, the following tasks were identified: separation of historical types of security (in terms of individual, society, state); including identifying common features and analyzing them in specific historical contexts. It helps to understand alternative ways of developing concepts of economic security of a person. The subject of research is the evolution of economic security of a person. The object of research is: basic economic ideas, views and concepts. Research methodology includes comparative analysis, historical method, induction and deduction, as well as its critical evaluation. These approaches contribute to the comparison of historical and modern contexts, to reveal their parallels, as well as to clarify the universal and specific factors of economic security. However, the research framework can be complex given the changing social, political and technological contexts. Historical and contemporary connections. The paper analyzes approaches to ensuring economic security from ancient times to the present day; The main concepts related to today's reality are separated; It is revealed how past experience can become the basis for determining alternative ways of modern economic security. Therefore, the text emphasizes the fact that historical experience paves the way for the creation of alternative models. This includes: a) eco- nomic policy integration: global and local approaches; b) Inclusion of technological changes: impact of digital economy and artificial intelligence on economic security; c) Environmental factors: the economic aspect of risks related to climate change. General conclusions and future perspectives. The paper establishes that economic security is not a static concept; It changes over time. By analyzing past models, it is possible to create systems that balance the interests of individuals, society, and the state. Taking into ac- count modern challenges requires a more multi-functional approach to economic security, which includes the integration of technological and environmental factors. In addition, the work deals not only with the historical aspects of the problems, but also with the possibilities of their practical application today. Analysis of historical types serves to develop new ways of economic security that respond to contemporary challenges. The work combines historical analysis, modern problems and establishing connections between them. It shows that the development of concepts of economic security over time relies on both past experience and the specifics of contemporary conditions. The text is the basis of a multifaceted analysis, which helps to identify alternative ways of ensuring economic security.Item The role of competitive intelligence in building a business competitive advantage(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2025) Veshapidze, Shota; Otinashvili, Ramaz; Vanishvili, MerabIn today’s fast-evolving business environments, the rapid shifts in competitive dynamics, the growing digitalization of enterprises, and the intensifying market competition have heightened the significance of competitive intelligence as a vital component of strategic management. Michael Porter, a distinguished American scholar, is widely recognized as the pioneering figure in competitive intelligence research. Other notable contributors to this field include Gilad, B., Kahaner, L., Prescott, J.E., and Vezmar, J.M. The first systematic implementation of competitive intelligence in practice was undertaken by Xerox, a leading manufacturer of photocopiers, which applied competitive intelligence at three distinct levels. This strategic approach has been widely credited as a key factor in the rapid expansion of Chinese companies in recent decades. The following statistics illustrate the extent to which competitive intelligence is utilized across various countries: 91% of companies in Japan, 90% in China, 80% in the United States, 75% in the United Kingdom, 70% in Germany, and only 27% in Russia leverage competitive intelligence data. In Georgia, however, the development of competitive intelligence remains a significant challenge. Despite its strategic importance, the field has yet to receive adequate attention. Notable exceptions can be found in sectors such as banking, insurance, and other well-established industries. Nevertheless, as market competition intensifies, the role and practical application of competitive intelligence are expected to gain prominence. This is essential, as competitive intelligence delivers socially beneficial outcomes by enabling businesses – both domestic and international – to evolve, refine optimize their operations, and expand their market presence. Looking ahead, as Georgia’s business environment continue to grow, professional business intelligence is likely to become a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring a company's long-term sustainability, competitive edge, and operational security. This encompasses a broad spectrum of practices, including competitive intelligence, business intelligence, industrial espionage, economic intelligence, and benchmarking. The implementation of competitive intelligence within a company can encompass up to twenty distinct functions within a dedicated competitive intelligence unit. These functions vary based on the company's specific needs, scale, and industry. A company’s management approach is largely shaped by its size and the nature of its operations. In the early stages, particularly within competitive environments, businesses often adopt an imitation strategy, leveraging existing practices to optimize resource allocation. While this approach can be highly effective in the short term, it may prove insufficient for sustaining long-term growth. Conversely, a more innovative and proactive approach – often referred to as a "leapfrog" strategy — may be more effective. This strategy – can be more advantageous in the long run. This strategy empowers a company to outperform competitors and establish market leadership, offering a significant edge over the more reactive "following" strategy. Case studies indicate that the success of supermarket chains is closely tied to the systematic integration of specialized marketing roles within their management structures. These roles are crucial for monitoring the competitive landscape and delivering analytical insights that inform strategic decision-making. Marketing professionals in these positions typically oversee key areas such as strategic site selection for retail outlets, assortment planning, and pricing strategies. They analyze competitors' market share dynamics – tracking growth or decline trends – while also assessing ongoing advertising and promotional efforts. Additionally, they evaluate the technical and commercial infrastructure of competing businesses. An essential aspect of this work involves preparing visual and audiovisual materials – such as photographs and video content – to provide management with more comprehensive, data-driven decision-making tools. This approach reinforces the idea that the success of modern supermarket depends largely on a well-structured, systematic management strategy supported by robust information analysis. A critical prerequisite for the effective operation of commercial intelligence is its seamless integration with top-level management. This function reaches its full potential when operational and strategic management processes are closely aligned and well-coordinated. Business intelligence typically consists of two primary components: internal and external intelligence processes. To ensure robust informational support, these processes must be harmonized within a unified analytical framework. This framework should facilitate continuous analysis, drawing insights from both internal corporate data and external market dynamics. The best practices of leading companies highlight that all employees, whether directly or indirectly involved, play a crucial role in the collection and interpretation of competitive intelligence. This collaborative approach ensures a continuous exchange of information across various levels of the organization. As a result, business intelligence has become an essential pillar of modern management structures. In an increasingly dynamic and volatile competitive environment, it serves as a fundamental driver of organizational success. However, the true effectiveness of this function depends largely on the extent to which top management understands its strategic importance and integrates it seamlessly into the company’s overall framework.Item The role of staff in business security(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2021) Veshapidze, Shota; Otinashvili, RamazGeorgia’s gross domestic product fell by almost 6% in 2020 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. This poses a threat to both the public and private sectors of the economy. To overcome the challenges, it is important to increase the role of the firm’s staff in ensuring business security. The selection of reliable employees has an ancient history; this problem arose when the first hired workers appeared. The resulting selection methods have undergone many changes and improvements. Until recently, the emphasis had been on the professional training of staff and was defined by such formal marks as: education, qualifications, experience, etc. In modern times, the demands on the personal qualities of the employee have increased significantly as staff employed in the business often have to deal with information that may be of interest to competing firms. Advanced companies have developed a proven, comprehensive methodology for checking eligibility for vacancies. The security service of the firm is involved in the mentioned works, together with the personnel department. Coordination with external agencies is required to collect and verify data. To ensure a high quality of study, each candidate undergoes a thorough, scrupulous examination. In addition to general inspection technology, the head of the security service undergoes an additional scrupulous examination. Both open psychological testing and covert and indirect testing, as well as disguised testing, several interviews including covert. It is good if the candidate for the mentioned position will be brought up in the company itself. In selecting employees in Georgia, closeness - relatives, friends, neighbors, etc. are crucial. If a person is not “close,” lucre is often used as well. This is due to the low level of competition. This is one of the reasons why Georgian companies are less successful.Item Threats and possibilities of Georgia participation in international labor migration(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Veshapidze, ShotaThe purpose of the research of this article is to analyze the threats of Georgia's participation in international labor migration and to overcome it. The subject of research is socio-political, demographic, economic factors causing migration. The tasks of the research include the dynamics of the number of immigrants and emigrants in Georgia, analysis of personal transfers, increased migration from Russia. As a result of the research, it has been established that the important economic factors of the security of Georgia's participation in international migration are low income, poor working conditions, poor living conditions, low development opportunities, which prompts a large part of people to look for jobs abroad. The modern priorities for overcoming the threats of Georgia's participation in international labor migration are: bringing illegal migration into the legal framework, reintegration of returned migrants, involvement of the diaspora in the country's development, integration of foreigners.