Browsing by Author "Veshapidze, Shota"
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Item About population growth and global problems(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2021) Veshapidze, Shota; Zubiashvili, TamazPopulation growth is a trend in the modern world economy. Its growth rate is gradually decreasing significantly. Differences in population growth rates are observed between developed, developing and transition economies. In developed countries, declining fertility and expected life expectancy are leading to the stabilization of population size and aging. International migration is becoming an important source of population growth in these countries. In many developing countries, high population growth rates are maintained. Many developing countries are less able to cope with the problems caused by the growing population, which is related to the provision of adequate income, food security, employment and basic social services for the growing population. In addition, the proper management of natural resources, which in many developing countries have traditionally ensured the survival of a large part of the population, is of great importance. Georgia, like other countries with economies in transition, has been in a deep economic crisis since the 1990s, when the country began to transition from a planned economic system to a market economy. Living conditions in the country have deteriorated and the population has decreased. Population growth is a precondition for the emergence of global poverty, food and environmental problems. In order to overcome these challenges, it is important to strengthen the joint efforts and take into account the interests and needs of different countries of the world.Item About the dangers of academic competition(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2023) Veshapidze, ShotaThe purpose of this article's research is to protect the conduct of open manner for the competition for academic positions, which must comply with the principles of transparency, equality and fair competition. The subject of the research is ensuring the protection of the rights of the participants in the competitions to holding academic positions. The object of the research is the dangers arising in the process of actual implementation of certain legal norms and their causes. In the research process, the methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, and analogy are used, which will allow us to reveal the challenges of academic competitions, real dangers and fair ways to overcome them. In order for the academic staff to carry out their activities safely and effectively, it is necessary to protect the freedom of labor. It is important to avoid or prevent discrimination, manipulation, favoritism, nepotism, corruption and other dangers when conducting academic competitions. Keywords: Freedom of labor, non-compliance with international legal norms, discrimination, threats of manipulation, favoritism, nepotism, corruption. | სტატიის კვლევის მიზანს შეადგენს აკადემიური თანამდებობის დასაკავებელი კონკურსის ღია წესით ჩატარების დაცვა, რომელიც უნდა შეესაბამებოდეს გამჭვირვალობის, თანასწორობისა და სამართლიანი კონკურენციის პრინციპებს. კვლევის საგანია აკადემიური თანამდებობების დასაკავებელ კონკურსებში მონაწილეთა უფლებების დაცვის უზრუნველყოფა. კვლევის ობიექტია გარკვეული საკანონმდებლო ნორმების რეალური განხორციელების პროცესში წარმოშობილი საფრთხეები და მისი გამომწვევი მიზეზები. კვლევის პროცესში გამოყენებულია შედარებითი ანალიზის, სინთეზის, ანალოგიის მეთოდები, რაც საშუალებას მოგვცემს გამოვავლინოთ აკადემიური კონკურსების გამოწვევები, რეალური საფრთხეები და მისი დაძლევის სამართლიანი გზები. იმისთვის რომ აკადემიურმა პერსონალმა თავისი საქმიანობა დაცულად და ეფექტიანად განახორციელოს, აუცილებელია შრომის თავისუფლების დაცვა. მნიშვნელოვანია, რომ აკადემიური კონკურსების ჩატარებისას თავი დავაღწიოთ დისკრიმინაციის, მანიპულირების, ფავორიტიზმის, ნეპოტიზმის, კორუფციის და სხვა საფრთხეებს, ან მოვახდინოთ მათი პრევენცია.Item International economic relations of Georgia at the modern stage of globalization(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2023) Veshapidze, Shota; Putkatadze, RamazIn the presented article, the field of interest of scientific research is the identification and determination of the results and perspectives of Georgia's participation in international eco-nomic relations. The interest in the research topic is due to the fact that the level of economic development of Georgia is significantly dependent on the quality of relations with the rest of the world and international economic unions. International economic relations are an important factor of the country's sustainable de-velopment, which contributes to the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, the rational use of natural resources, the globalization of the world economy, the sharing of inter-national production experience, the accelerated development of international trade in goods and services, the free movement of capital and people. The purpose of the research is an in-depth examination of the results and perspectives of Georgia's participation in international economic relations. Its essence is expressed in the participation of Georgia in the trade of goods, services and technologies, it is also important to cover the aspects of the international movement of labor and capital, integration with the countries of the world, digitalization of the economy. The subject of the research is the evaluation of the results of international economic relations of Georgia. In particular, the analysis of what results the proximity to the international community and the involvement in the world economy have brought to the country, as well as what opportunities can be seen in the future. The object of the research project is the international economic relations of Georgia formed at the modern stage of globalization, the mechanisms of regulation of foreign trade of Georgia, the priority directions of transport and logistics services of Georgia in the world market, the participation of Georgia in the international migration of capital and labor and international economic integration. The research has the character of both quantitative and mostly qualitative research, which is based on both Georgian and foreign scientific publications, reports of international economic organizations and other sources about the development of international economic relations of Georgia. In particular, the research is based on: United Nations and international organizations documents, reports, researches; Georgian policy documents, development strategies; relevant laws and regulations; sociological research materials and others. The research will be carried out on the basis of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis, based on an in-depth analysis of the results and perspectives of international economic relations of Georgia. Among the theoretical and empirical research methods used in the process of working on the research project, the desk research and field research methods are worth mentioning. Desk research includes the analysis of relevant statistics, articles, letters, policy documents, institutions, legislation etc. Field research includes both quantitative and qualitative sociological surveys. In today's conditions, the global economy has entered a new era of national security. The COVID-19 pandemic has made clear the vulnerability caused by the extreme dependence on global supply chains and the lack of coordination to combat global health risks. But what has most informed this new era is Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, sabotage of the world economy, food wars, and energy wars. In addition to the human and economic losses, the war in Ukraine has sharply intensified the rift between the Western and Eastern geopolitical blocs, gathered around the United States and China, respectively. In the modern world, the economic development of any country depends on both domestic and foreign factors. Therefore, in the conditions of modern socio-economic development, international economic relations are one of the most important factors of sustainable development of Georgia. It contributes to the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, the rational use of natural resources, the globalization of the world economy, the exchange of industrial experience, the accelerated development of international economic relations and world trade in goods and services. The main goal of the development of the world economy is the maximum use of the advantages of the joint economic potential of the world community. At the same time, it is necessary to realize that countries play different roles in this process, and the international importance of any country or its individual region is based on existing natural resources, the dynamics of economic development, its place in the world system of production of goods and services, and the existence of financial resources, its availability. Georgia is successfully involved in the world economic community, increases its export potential, expands economic cooperation with the countries of the world, establishes mutually beneficial relations with the USA, the European Union, the Republics of Azerbaijan and Armenia, the Middle East, Kazakhstan and other Central Asian republics, the Russian Federation, China, European countries, with Japan, with the entire world community, which is a set of interacting entities for the purpose of regulating international relations. Systematic understanding of international economic relations is necessary for Georgia's integration into the world economic community. Therefore, it is important to find out the accompanying trends of the global processes of the modern world economic space and their impact on our country. It is important to assess where the future development of the sovereign state of Georgia is headed, in what ways the safety and well-being of our citizens can be ensured, what are its priorities, what are the external orientations of the country's development. In this context, the European integration of Georgia is an important issue. In this short time, the priority of the country is to get the candidate status and get even closer to the EU membership. The news of the article is next. Overcoming the world global economic crisis of 2007-2008 at low rates, which is manifested by the slowing down of the growth rate of world trade, by reducing the flows of direct foreign investments, first of all, in developing market countries, means that new tendencies in the development of international economic relations have emerged. It concerns the international movement of factors of production, new tendencies in the international movement of capital and labor, as well as changes in the international market of intellectual property. The globalization of the economy is significantly influenced by the development of the digital economy, which depicts the impact of digitalization on each form of international economic relations. Based on the analysis of the official documents of the international organizations, the tendency of expanding the digital economy and overcoming the digital inequality in the 21st century is intersected.Item Modern international economic relations of Georgia(„Smarty“ Publishing, 2024) Veshapidze, Shota; Bakhtadze, Lela; Putkaradze, Ramaz; Kharitonashvili, Jemal; Danelia, Irakli; Lominashvili, Mikheil; Chantladze, NanukaThe global economy has entered a new age of national security under current conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability caused by our reliance on global supply chains and a lack of collaboration in combating global health hazards. However, what has most distinguished this new century is Russia’s unjustified invasion of Ukraine, global economic devastation, food and energy warfare. Aside from the human and economic costs, the war in Ukraine has widened the schism between the Western and Eastern geopolitical blocs, which are centered on the United States and China, respectively. In the contemporary world, a country’s economic development is influenced by both local and external influences. As a result, in the context of modern socioeconomic growth, international economic ties are one of the most significant variables influencing Georgia’s long-term development. It helps to promote scientific and technical progress, the judicious use of natural resources, globalization of the world economy, the exchange of industrial expertise, the rapid growth of international economic ties, and worldwide commerce in products and services. The primary objective of global economic development is to maximize the benefits of the entire community’s combined economic capacity. At the same time, it is important to recognize that countries play different roles in this process, and the international importance of any country or its individual region is based on existing natural resources, economic development dynamics, its place in the global system of production of goods and services, and the existence and availability of financial resources. Georgia successfully participates in the global economic community, increases its export potential, expands economic cooperation with the rest of the world, and establishes mutually beneficial relations with the United States, the European Union, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Middle East, Kazakhstan and other Central Asian republics, the Russian Federation, China, European countries, and Japan. A thorough grasp of international economic connections is required for Georgia’s incorporation into the global economy. As a result, it is critical to understand the associated developments of current world economic processes and their influence on Georgia. It is critical to determine where the sovereign state of Georgia’s future growth is heading, how it can secure the safety and well-being of its population, what its priorities are, and what the country’s external orientations are. In this context, the European integration of Georgia is an important issue. In a short period of time, Georgia received the status of a candidate for the European Union, and the country is successfully following the path of optimal synthesis of European values, advanced experience, sharing and establishment of achieved standards.Item Modern priorities of ensuring foreign economic security of Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2023) Veshapidze, ShotaEconomic security is one of the most important features of the economy, and ensuring the safe functioning of the country's economy is a necessary condition for its competitive and sustainable development. It is important to systematize conceptual approaches to ensuring external economic security in the context of global risks and threats. Basic approaches to the concept of economic security of the country and methods of fighting it are defined by different concepts. Among them, the institutional concepts of protection against cameralist, Keynesian and administrative barriers are noteworthy. Foreign competitors (according to F. Liszt), "market failure" (according to J. M. Keynes) and "state failure" (according to H. De Soto) can pose threats to the economic security of each country. Different strands of foreign trade policy are important, including mercantilism, protectionism, free trade, super-protectionism, private monopoly protectionism, collective protectionism, and neo-protectionism. Depending on the different motives for the introduction of trade barriers, five types of neo-protectionism can be distinguished: "protectionism of lobbyists," "protectionism of industrialists," "protectionism of geostrategists," "protectionism of populists," "benevolent protectionism." The main role in the intensive growth of trade barriers belongs to developed countries, which previously supported free trade and globalization They were catchers. External economic security is ensuring the development of economic processes in the country, which will create the necessary (acceptable) conditions and resources for economic stability and development of society. The national security of the country is characterized, first of all, by the state of the economy and its competitiveness on the world markets. The more stable and competitive the economy, the higher its level of economic security. Foreign economic security includes its provision in the main forms of international economic relations, such as: problems of ensuring economic security within the international division of labor; Assessment of the results of direct and portfolio investments in the global economy for the external economic security of the country; ensuring foreign economic security of international trade; Modern monetary and financial system and international economic security. There is a close relationship between modern technologies, economic security and the growth of sustainable economic development potential in Georgia. The influence of the fourth industrial revolution on the economic and innovative potential of Georgia is decisive. Technological progress helps increase economic opportunity and prosperity. The role of innovative policy in ensuring the economic security of the state is great. Successfully solving the problems of attracting investments in the field of science is an important factor in the growth of natural, industrial, scientific, technical and labor potential of Georgia. The emergence of the Internet, the development of artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things and 5G technologies has accelerated the digital transformation of the world economy. The rapid development of digital technologies has created a highly coordinated digital economy that transcends geographic boundaries and industry sectors. Digital transformation in the global economy brings both positive results and threats to its development. Significant economic benefits resulting from the digitization of the economy include increased productivity, job creation, enhanced international trade and innovation. In addition, there are potential risks and negative effects. The workplace is being replaced by technology, data privacy is at risk, market issues and etc. The official documents received by the Georgian state allow for the regulation and maintenance of the country's security management processes. At the same time, the modern mechanism of ensuring economic security must be constantly transformed along with new risks and threats emerging in the country's economic sector. Correct positioning to overcome external and internal threats to the national economy ensures the economic sovereignty of the country, the unity of its economic space and the conditions for the implementation of strategic national priorities. Practical importance It is important to identify the existing threats to the external economic security of the Republic of Georgia and to develop directions for improving the security system, which ensures a favorable international position of the national economy. This means not identifying the importance of one type of threat in relation to others, but studying their interrelationship, interdependence and mutual influence. To build an effective system of external economic security, it is necessary to identify the most dangerous external threats, to rank them in order to determine the directions that require operational regulation or consistent strategic neutralization. When assessing threats, it is necessary to use both the entire complex system of indicators, as well as their threshold values, which reflect the boundaries of safe development of the national economy. This will make it possible to identify Georgia's external economic threats, challenges and risks, develop tools and recommendations for its solution. The formation of the national security strategy of Georgia can be determined according to a 5-step system scheme, which includes: Determination of the theoretical concepts, methodological sources and basic concepts of the strategy; Assessment of Georgia's involvement in today's world based on the analysis of the current situation: trends and opportunities; National interests and national strategic priorities of Georgia; Ensuring national security; Strategy realization organization and mechanisms.