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Item ტრანსნაციონალური კორპორაციების როლი მსოფლიო ეკონომიკის გლობალიზაციის პროცესში (The Role of Transnational Corporations in the Globalization of the World Economy)(უნივერსალი, 2010) ჯამაგიძე, ლელაThe book is devoted to the analysis of the characteristics of transnational corporation operation and development at the current stage of globalization of the world economy. Their role in international trade, global investment flows and technology transfer is discussed against the background of increasing country interdependence. How Georgia can deal with transnational corporations in order to deepen its integration with the global economy is also discussed. The book can be useful to scholars specialized in international economics and people interested in the above mentioned topics. წიგნში განხილულია ტრანსნაციონალური კორპორაციების განვითარებისა და ფუნქციონირების თავისებურებები მსოფლიო ეკონომიკის გლობალიზაციის თანამედროვე ეტაპზე; შესწავლილია მათი როლი საერთაშორისო ვაჭრობაში, ინვესტიციების გლობალური ნაკადების მოძრაობასა და ტექნოლოგიური ნაკადების გადაადგილებაში ქვეყნების მზარდი ურთიერთდამოკიდებულების ფონზე. განხილულია საქართველოს გლობალურ ეკონომიკასთან ინტეგრირების გასაღრმავებლად ტნკ-ებთან ურთიერთოების სხვავასხვა ასპექტი.Item დემოგრაფიული ვითარება თანამედროვე მსოფლიოში(2011) ხმალაძე, მერაბ; ახალაია, ნანაItem ქვეყნების კონკურენტუნარიანობა და კლასტერები: ისტორია და თანამედროვეობა (Country competitiveness and clusters: history and nowadays)(უნივერსალი (Universal), 2012) გაგნიძე (Gagnidze), ინეზა (Ineza)თანამედროვე ეკონომიკურ თეორიაში ნაციონალური კონკურენტუნარიანობა ერთ-ერთი ყველაზე საკამათო და კვლევის თვალსაზრისით, საკმაოდ რთული საკითხია. ამავდროულად, პოსტსაბჭოთა გარდამავალი ეკონომიკის მქონე ქვეყნები დგანან ისეთი დიდი გამოწვევის წინაშე, როგორიცაა ქვეყნის ეკონომიკის ანვითარებისა და ახალ გარემოებებთან ადაპტაციის შესაბამისი ისეთი ეკონომიკური პოლიტიკის შემუშავება, რამაც უმოკლეს ვადაში უნდა განაპირობოს განსხვავებული სასტარტო პირობებისა და მემკვიდრეობის, ტრადიციებისა და ეროვნული კულტურის ფასე-ულობების მქონე ქვეყნების წარმატება. აღნიშნული მიზნის მისაღწევად, გარდამავა-ლი ეკონომიკის მქონე მრავალი ქვეყანა თავისი ეკონომიკის განვითარების სტრატე-გიაში წარმატებით იყენებს ნაციონალური კონკურენტუნარიანობისა და კლასტერების კონცეფციებს. ვფიქრობთ, მათი გამოყენება საქართველოს ეკონომიკის პირობებშიც ასევე წარმატებული იქნება. წარმოდგენილი ნაშრომი, ერთგვარი გზამკვლევის როლს შეასრულებს ამ საკითხებზე მომუშავე მეცნიერების, სტუდენტების, პრაქტიკოსი ეკონომისტებისა და დაინტერესებული მკითხველის ფართო წრისთვის. (We got interested in the scientific study of competitiveness and clusters a few years ago while preparing a masters course for the students. The interest deepened and gradually it turned into scientific and research direction. The main part of the present monograph consists of the papers presented at different international and interuniversity scientific conferences and the articles published in different journals since 2007, which have been specially reviewed and revised for the monograph. All the references noted in the monograph are kept in our private library (e-version and or hard copy) and we would gladly share them with anyone, interested in the issue. Taking into account the depth and the importance of the issue discussed, the volume of the monograph is rather small, though, it will give a general idea to the reader willing to know more about country competitiveness and clusters. Two interuniversity scientific conferences “Economy of Georgia in the World Competitiveness Indicators: Problems and Perspectives”, held at the Faculty of Economics and Business of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University in 2008 and 2010 were dedicated to the issue of global competitiveness of countries. The conferences were initiated by us and we actively participated in organizing them. We would like to note that the present work is one of the first large-scale publications regarding this issue. This is a great honor for us but a great responsibility at the same, as the work can’t be complete and comprehensive. A large amount of information was translated and processed by us for the first time and thus, there is a possibility that some of the terms and definitions are not quite properly interpreted. Taking into consideration all the above-mentioned, there might be some mistakes and inaccuracies in the text and we would be grateful to everyone for indicating them to us. The issues of clusters and competitiveness are controversial and at the same time very important for further development of Georgia’s economy and we hope that a lot of articles and monographs will be dedicated to these issues in future as well. We appreciate all such initiatives and suppose to continue our research in this direction either.)Item Development of statistical methods of correlation-regression analysis(Publishing House “UNIVERSAL”, 2012) Khmaladze, MerabMeasuring the degree of coupling between the processes of business is an important problem in the theory of statistics. Initially, the connection between the processes studied by means of statistical tables and balance sheets. In parallel, mathematical-statistical study of the direction of bonds. The invention belongs to the correlation method British biologist Francis Galton, and in the measurement of the degree of connection between the phenomena of much of the credit belongs to mathematics and statistics British Karl Pearson. In the development of this method played an important role such scholars as George U. Yule, Maurice G. Kendall, Gustav T. Fechner, A. Chuprov and others.Item Demography of the Georgian village(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2012) Khmaladze, MerabGeorgia keeps high relative density of agricultural population. At the same time, within last twenty years, this indicator has increased by several percentage points. Also, it is considerably increases the number of villages without the population. A quarter of all the villages are unpromising which in the near future threaten to be deserted. In 1970-2002 the number of the big villages with the population of five thousand and more, has increased from twelve to twenty-eight.Item For evaluation of marketing efficiency(Publishing House “UNIVERSAL”, 2013) Seturi, MaiaUnder conditions of transition to the market economy the role of marketing in the firms of our country grow. A marketing orientation means trying to carry out the marketing concept. The marketing management process is the process of planning marketing activities, directing the implementation of the plans, controlling these plans. Controlling these plans is one of the main part of evaluation of marketing efficiency. Planning and realization of the marketing activities are reasonable if they give results. That is why it is important to evaluate efficiency of marketing. There is a question – what should we mean under efficiency of marketing? There are some forms of controlling of marketing activities. The modern marketing consists of some elements. Advertisement is an integral part of the modern marketing. The advertisement enables to show off the best characteristics and advantages of the product. Economic efficiency of advertisement is the economic result, which is received as a result of advertising campaign (advertising activities). We will not exaggerate if we say that the necessity to evaluate economic efficiency ensues from its essence itself. As opposed to other information messages the advertising is interested and oriented at the final results and growth of demand of concrete goods. In order to obtain concrete economic results, i.e. to be efficient, we assume it reasonable to focus our attention on the some aspects of marketing.Item მართლმადიდებლობა და ეკონომიკა (Orthodoxy and economy)(უნივერსალი (Universal), 2013) გაგნიძე (Gagnidze), ინეზა (Ineza)Concept of the “New Athens and New Jerusalem” proposed by the Georgian King St. David IV the Builder is topical until now. Construction of a building starts from its foundation. Therefore industrial relationships in Georgia must be based upon the strong foundation in a form of the “comprehended religion” – Orthodox Christianity. For generations who grew in Soviet Georgia without any religious education, orthodox studies were counted to be the field only for philologists and historians. Younger generations inherited this approach from them. That is why, even today orthodox studies and theory of economics are considered to be quite demarcated fields. The work discusses the arguments of necessity for the intervention of the state in the education system and the educational functions of the state. One of the arguments of the state in the education system is “the necessity to establish “the general value in the society”. Therefore, we believe that the norms introduced as a result of reforms to the educational system of the country must not be contrary to the established rules and customs for centuries in Georgia that were determined by the influence of Christian religion. That means the generation of harmonic dependence between knowledge and faith in individual. This view is supported by the work of thinkers: Goethe, Planck, Einstein and others' statements. There are also the opinions of Saint Ilia the Righteous (Ilia Chavchavadze), Saint Gabriel Bishop (Kikodze) and Catholic-Patriarch of all Georgia Ilia II. Based on the Old and New Testaments, the issue of transformation of the snake from the symbol of evil to the symbol of wisdom is explained. According to the well-known experts, any political, social and economical model in an individual country undergoes change in accordance with religious-national features and traditions. Historically Georgia underwent permanent attacks from the countries with different culture (qualitatively and from the viewpoint of the level of development). The above difficulties forced the country to quickly and adequately react on the novelties foisted on the country and to adapt to them. In the main, such adaptation was superfluous and was characterized with resistance against features unacceptable to the traditional culture: the Georgian culture and traditions in a course of centuries were determined by teaching of the Orthodoxy. Shown: the main principles of labour relationship and compensation according to the Bible, the possibilities of its imploring and its implementing in economics of Georgia. The presented work also deals with the comparison of wisdom given in the gospel and the views of Prof. Gregory Mankiw, Harvard University, about decision making process by individuals given in his book “Principles of Economics”. In the presented work there are some extracts from the gospel and Holy Write which are analogous to the considerations discussed in the textbook “Principles of Economics” and which suggest the ways to solve the definite problems. This is one more proof that wisdom given in orthodox studies is eternal. In his famous research Competitive Advantages of Nations M. Porter, a,well-known professor from Harvard University, wrote: “Competitiveness of a country is a result of combination of its organizational model and management practices, which are the most acceptable for certain countries and competitiveness sources of certain industries. Differences in national values, culture, economic structure, functioning organizations and historic development make contribution to obtaining competitive advantages”. In the yearbook for 2011 produced by the world competitiveness research center of Lozano, over 300 criteria for world competitiveness are divided into 4 major groups: 1. Economic Performance; 2. Government Efficiency; 3. Business Efficiency; 4. Infrastructure. “Approaches and Values” is one of the five sub factors determining business effectiveness, which in its turn is assessed with seven indicators, namely: attitudes toward globalization; the country’s image abroad; national culture; flexibility and adaptability; need for economic and social reforms; value system; corporate values. The article provides citations from the Gospel and Epistles, the information from the website of the Ministry of Economics and opinions of famous Georgian researchers, which prove that Orthodox religion is one of the important factors for raising competitiveness of Georgia’s economy.Item Import of institutions and economic value transformation: the interactions among the economic agents in Georgia(Maastricht School of Management, 2014) Papachashvili, Nino; Jamagidze, LelaThe present work discusses the decisions of economic agents and the interactions among them in Georgia‟s transformation economy from new institutional point of view. European integration is an irreversible economic orientation of Georgia, which influences both formal and informal institution formation. The authors argue that the analysis of the economic value formation aspects of the ongoing process of Europeanization is important for the understanding of the stage by stage outcomes of this process. The Association Agreement between Georgia and the EU represents Georgia‟s Europeanization action plan. The Agreement stresses that European values represent the cornerstone of economic integration and political association. The implementation of the Association Agreement will bring concrete benefits in terms of increased opportunities for small and medium sized businesses, access to the European education, strengthened rule of law, etc. The authors argue that the success of modernization depend on the one hand, institution imports and on the work of these institutions on the other. The foundation of their effective work will be those value constructs that the society holds. The success of institution implementation depends on pace of the increase in the number of people, who use them. The faster the realization of the need and benefits of the observation of certain “rules of the game”, the faster they will be institutionalized. Institutional adaptation gives the economic agents broader opportunities for their economic activities and they adopt new strategies of behavior related to the changes of the institutional framework. Adaptability to the imported institutions depends on the economic values of the economic agents and the benefits of the implementation of the new institutions. The present study incorporates economic values in the analysis of the economic agent interactions against the background of Europeanization. The authors offer a theoretical approach to pose the problem and evaluate the behavior of economic agents in the context of importing European institutions and values in Georgia. The nature of the interactions among the economic agents significantly defines the smooth functioning of the economic system. The authors emphasize that study of the economic agent behavior (state and businesses) in institution import and economic value transformation context will enable to identify the challenges of the adaptation process.Item Evolution of mortality and life expectancy(Publishing House “UNIVERSAL”, 2014) Khmaladze, Merab; Akhalaia, NanaIncrease in life expectancy is humanity upgrade progress, but factors impeding progress is accompanied by increases in life expectancy, for example: starvation and shortages of food, tobacco and drug addiction, alcoholism and other social anomalies.Item Demographic problems of Georgia(Publishing house of Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 2014) Khmaladze, MerabDemographic crisis in Georgia began in 1990 as a result of common crisis. From this period to the present day, reproduction level is not capable to ensure expanded playback. There is expected a sharp decline in population, which possibly will lead to a Georgia’s weakening in demographic, political and economic capacity.Item The determinants of incoming tourism demand and its analyses in Georgia using econometric modeling method (შემოსვლით ტურიზმზე მოთხოვნის დეტერმინანტები და მისი ანალიზი ეკონომეტრიკული მოდელირების მეთოდის გამოყენებით საქართველოს მაგალითზე)(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2015) Khuskivadze (ხუსკივაძე), Mamuka (მამუკა)The article offers an econometrical analyses of incoming tourist demand in 2008-2014 in Georgia on the date basis of so-cold 15 top countries. JDP per capital in tourist origin countries, exchange rate cost of lodging, cost of living, cost of air travel, surface travel cost, attraction of tourist destination, the number of tourist organizations in Georgia dummy, variables reflecting the world financial crises began in 2008 and Russian – Georgian war in 2008 are offered as the determinants of incoming tourism demand. By means of dynamic econometric model assessment are elucidated the determinants essentially influencing the formation of incoming tourism demand.Item Role of immigration in the formation of Georgian population(Mahmut DEMİR, 2015) Khmaladze, Merab; Akhalaia, NanaImmigration played a great role in formation of population of Georgia. We are able to establish tendencies of this process from the beginning of XIX century. By that period, the country had been ruined and bled professedly by permanent invasions for centuries. Most of territories were unpopulated or under-populated that made suitable conditions for settlers from other countries. By 1800, P. Gugushvili estimated Georgian population with 675.0 thousand inhabitants. In discussed period – 1800-2015, in formation of population of Georgia immigration was acting as in direction of increasing and reducing the population. In particular: in 1800-1897 rise in migration of Georgia is positive and it was 544,0 thousand people; in 1897-1939 rise in migration of Georgia is positive and it was 314,2 thousand people; in 1939-1950 rise in migration was zero; in 1950-1990 migration reduction was 391,1 thousand; in 1990-2015- reduction was 1839,3 thousand people. Totally, migration balance of population of Georgia in 1800-2015 shows reduction of population, 1378,2 thousand people that comes to historical period after 1950-ies.Item Problems of formation of innovation ecological policy and main ways of their overcoming in Georgia (ინოვაციური ეკოლოგიური პოლიტიკის ფორმირების პრობლემები და მათი დაძლევის ძირითადი გზები საქართველოში)(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics, 2016) Khuskivadze (ხუსკივაძე), Mamuka (მამუკა); Nozadze (ნოზაძე), Zurab (ზურაბ)The article conducts the analysis of formation of innovation ecological policy beginning from post-communist transformation up to-day and is estimated its present situation. Political and economic circumstances that hamper the formation of effective ecological policy, the formation of innovative regulation mechanism in the sphere of natural resource use and environmental protection are exposed. It is noted that ecology doesn’t occupy yet a relevant place in the system of national political and economic priorities, the result of which will worsen more ecological situation in Georgia. Hence, in the context of harmonization with EU ecological policy, main principles and mechanism of formation of innovation-ecological policy in Georgia are offered.Item Research of the market demand for economics and business faculty graduates of the Tbilisi State University(2016) Khmaladze, MerabThe paper depicts the market demand for economics and business faculty graduates of I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. The discussed issues include description of the employed graduates, the faculty image, advantages of the aforementioned graduates compared to those of the other universities, key employment criteria etc. The results of the study were delivered to the Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia.Item Brand success evaluation(MAC Prague Consulting Ltd., 2016) Seturi, MaiaIt is very important for the company to use the trademark and manage them effectively in the working conditions on the competitive market. Trademark (Brand) obsesses the consumer's attention, attracts them and in case of customer’s satisfaction ensures their loyalty. But the brand can’t be considered in unchanged way, even strong and successful brand is evolving and changes over the time. The goal of my research was to study customers’ attitude toward "Borjomi" on Georgian market and to assess the weaknesses, which might be linked to the development of the brand and its further success’s based on the results of the research. There is not still well developed and thought the largest importance of branding in the business of companies commercial success, for example, non-existent work experience of branding in the past.Item Statistical indicators of tourism expenditures in Georgia(Universal, 2016) Abesadze, Nino; Mindorashvili, Marine; Paresashvili, NinoTourism expenditures are very important part of tourism statistical indicators. Especially great is their role in the country's economic growth. Survey carried out in major airports of Georgia on tourism expenditures of foreign visitors is another step forward for solution to these problems. Despite the limited budget, the survey achieved main goals and showed us the real picture. Recommendations for improvement of tourism statistics accounting issues will be submitted to National Statistics Office, the National Tourism Administration of Tourism and other interested organizations.Item Regional management problems and modern approaches to their solutions(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2017) Okruashvili, Nana; Paresashvili, Nino; Metonidze, LiaThe aim of the presented paper is to analyze the current problems of regional management and the modern state of their solution. The given work examines the methodology of region's socio-economic development policy. Specifically, regional marketing, the positive experience which has been acquired in the west's highly developed economies. The paper discloses the essence, features, functions and principles of regional marketing. The authors formulate methodical approaches to stimulation and regulation of region activity by methods of regional marketing and shows advantages of this tool in the general control system of regional development.The article describes the modern situation of regional marketing formation in Georgia.The paper concludes that it is impossible to convert the region into the most attractive place without elaboration of effective regional marketing strategies and practical realization. The authors of the research have identified the problems of the country's regions. The conclusion is that the Effective Regional Marketing Strategy ensures the creation of a recognizable system of unique peculiarities of the region, which is the key factor in attracting investments, including foreign direct investments. Such strategy will contribute to the creation of the region's recognized system of marketing features. In addition, the proper governance of the region, its effective positioning or repositioning creates new conditions for regions Investment attractiveness and its long-term development.Item About the importance of brand as a system(World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics (WOSC), 2017) Seturi, Maia; Urotadze, EkaterineMarketing system contains various sub-systems and elements. Their combined and thoughtful use makes it possible to achieve effective results in the competitive market. A big diversity of goods is represented on the market today. One of the most actual topics in the marketing’s theory and practice is the matter of the brands ruling. There are many opinions related to this. According to the one of the most popular point of view, brand success is not provided only by its trademark, but it has to pass certain levels. The key point in the Brand’s success is held by creating its positive image and ensuring its awareness. The image of the brand emerges by the psychological satisfaction of the buyer.Item Problems of youth employment in agricultural sector of Georgia and causes of migration(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017) Kharaishvili, E.; Chavleishvili, M.; Lobzhanidze, M.; Damenia, N.; Sagareishvili, N.The article substantiates that youth employment in Georgia, especially in the agricultural sector, is an acute socioeconomic problem. The paper analyzes the indicators of youth employment and unemployment rates by age and gender in the agriculture sector. Research revealed that over the past decade, the unemployment rate in rural areas has decreased; however, the problem of unemployment is more sensitive than in the city in this field. The article established youth unemployment rates in rural areas; it assesses labor and educational migration causes. Based on the survey, there are proposed findings and recommendations of the agricultural sector about improving youth employment, reducing unemployment rate, reaching migration processes optimization.