აძიკვის (გოხნარის) წმიდა გიორგის ეკლესია და სამაროვანი (უახლოესი არქეოლოგიური აღმოჩენები)
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Date
2021
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უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
St. George Church and Cemetery of Adzikvi (Gokhnari) is located
in Tetritskaro Municipality, 20 km south-west of Manglisi, in the
gorge of the river Bzistskali, on the outskirts of the village Gokhnari.
1378-1390 meters. GPS coordinates: X - 0443488 Y- 4611501 H = 1376
This gorge was quite a strategic and developed place, which is
evidenced by various historical, cultural or other buildings.
As for the Church of St. George, it dates back to the XI century
(Kharadze, 2014: 207). It is a very important monument. Stylistically,
there is a hall-type church with two outbuildings. It is built of large
tiles of local Algeti gray cut stone. There is a technique of contrasting
building boulders, the construction is different, with a poorly processed
technique in the middle. Several construction stages can be
seen. Basalt bas-relief, which was placed in the wall of Egvetri (1.85
× 0.85 m, basalt, a replica is kept in the State Museum of Georgia). It
depicts four standing men (according to researchers - nobles). The
mentioned inscription was first read by Ekvtime Takaishvili: “K. In the
name of God, I have sacrificed the land of Varazbakur to the head
of the Adzikuri Church to pray for our souls, whoever changes or
whatever is left of the prayer, will be crowned with the unsuitable
mouth of the deep. ” (Takaishvili, 2018). Scholars read the names of
the people depicted in the bas-relief in different ways: “Elkatmon,
Shota, Gamrekel, Avag” (Ingorokva, 1963, p. 123). “Shota, Gamrekel,
Beshken, Varazbakur” (Berdzenishvili, 1964, p. 273). According to Ingorokva, Shota Rustaveli may have been depicted on the bas-relief.
According to Berdzenishvili, the character and the inscription of the
bas-relief should be connected with the Asomtavruli inscription of
Adzikvi (XI-XII centuries) and should be approved by a legal act (land
donation). As well as the rest of the walls of the temple, which were
quite damaged from the roots of various trees. She calls for urgent
attention and help.
From July 24 to September 24, 2020, the Archaeological Expedition
(headed by Prof. Z. Kvitsiani) conducted field archeological
works in the yard of Gokhnari Church. The project planned to clean
the monument from wild vegetation, debris and bulk layers and construction
debris. It was planned to cut test-excavation trenches to
determine the area and location of the archaeological sites in the
study area. The location, intensity and depth of the trenches are determined
by the vegetation, terrain, geological rocks and the location-
intensity of the cultural layers. A fence wall 1.90 cm west of the
temple was confirmed. Its width on the west side is equal to 110 cm.
The fence extends north as well. To the north, the width of the fence
wall is equal to 1 meter. Among them are fragments of thin-walled,
glazed ceramics, while cleaning the north wall, fragments of the bottom
of the jam were found in the bulk layer. It is glazed with scratch
inscriptions. Fragments of clay pipes and tiles were also observed.
On the extension of the west wall, 2 pieces of mortar were observed
outside the east wall and 1 piece of hammer stone in the area. It may
have been from Tilakavan.
Adzikvi pottery, with its clay structure, firing technique and ornament,
finds the closest parallels with 11th-12th century glazed pottery.
The project included the preparation of tombstones on the
south-eastern slope of Adzikvi Cemetery. These tombstones are
masterfully smoothed and presented in a magnificent composition.
The inscription on one of the tombstones was read by Prof. Giorgi
Otkhmezuri as follows: Asomtavruli: 1 big hundred ghni is given (the
last letter is Iota) 2. Ondktamst is opened with the opening of the
caragms: The group of last graphemes of the first string of Palma) nd (a) k (ethyl) ta m (i) s (ta) t () can be opened as follows: A) - The last
letter iota where the brackets are left open should be vie.
It is difficult to say who may have been buried here, but we suppose
that since Gokhnari is located near Didgori Valley (maybe the
battle was going on at this place as well) and also fits in chronological
order, Didgori heroes may be resting here. We also do not exclude
the Samshvilde heroes In all cases, the people buried here must be
the heroes devoted to Georgia and it is the duty of every Georgian to
appreciate (care, study) them.
Thus a full study of the Adzykvi Church and Cemetery requires
the continuation of archaeological work in the future, which will clarify
the character and scope of the monument.
Description
Keywords
გოხნარი, წმ.გიორგი, დიდგორი, Gokhnari, St. George, Didgori
Citation
აკადემიკოს კონსტანტინე წერეთლის დაბადებიდან მე-100 წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი საერთაშორისო კონფერენცია, თეზისები, 2021, გვ.: 155-161/ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE CENTENARY OF THE BIRTH OF ACADEMICIAN KONSTANTINE TSERETELI, ABSTRACTS, p.: 155-161