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Item MEDEA ON THE MODERN GEORGIAN STAGE(Logos /ლოგოსი, 2017-09-17) Shamanidi, SophieItem The Martyrdom of Queen Ketevan in the European Press: The Narrative in a 1731 German Journal(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press / ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2026-01-16) Kandelaki, Dali / კანდელაკი, დალიItem რუსული ჯარი კავკასიაში: რუსი მწერლების შეფასებები და ისტორიები(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2025-02-07) კანდელაკი, დალი / Kandelaki, DaliIn the 19th century, the Caucasus emerged as a pivotal region for the Russian Empire, occupying a central place in its military and political strategy. The conquest of the Caucasus, spanning nearly a century and a half, was a multifaceted and prolonged process, characterized by the intersection of colonial ambitions, national liberation struggles, and religious, social, civilizational, and ethnic conflicts. Despite the changes in the combat situation in the Caucasus, there has always been a permanent participant there – the Russian army, which gives reason to consider it as an independent factor in the wars against the Caucasus region. Many facts about the actions of the Russian army in the Caucasus two centuries ago are vividly captured in the works of 19th-century Russian writers. They often wrote about their impressions, emphasizing the difficulties that the Russian army faced. The authors also wrote about the strategy and tactics of the Russian army. They unanimously noted the difficulty of military operations in the mountainous terrain. Their works place significant emphasis on the relationship between the Russian army and the local population. Some authors advocated for the use of severe measures to suppress resistance of those who fought for their freedom, endorsing actions such as deporting local communities and even destroying their homes. In contrast, others expressed sympathy for the indigenous population, describing them as proud and freedom-loving. These authors highlighted the cultural differences, and the challenges encountered during the region’s integration into the Russian Empire. Russian authors held diverse opinions on the army’s actions, ranging from critical assessments to patriotic admiration. Many conveyed ambivalences, recognizing the effectiveness of the Russian strategy while condemning the methods used to implement it. “This should have happened long ago. We have tolerated the wicked for centuries; now it’s time to enjoy the use of weapons.” This statement, reflecting the prevailing sentiment among Russian soldiers prior to the capture of the city of Ganja, is cited by the Russian writer Pyotr Mukhanov (1799–1854) in his essay, “The Capture of Ganja (Letter to R**)”. This single phrase alone clearly conveys their attitude towards the region and its Muslim population. The essay is based on the account of Valerian Madatov, an eyewitness to this battle. The author discusses the strategic significance of the Caucasus region and the objectives of the Russian Empire. He provides a detailed account of the political landscape, the siege of Ganja, and the events that followed, including specific dates and key figures. Additionally, he examines the interactions between the Russians and the local population, shedding light on their traditions and moral values. The essay says that the Russian army was distinguished by its organized strategy, endurance and strength, although its actions were often brutal and overbearing. In 1844, the novel-pamphlet “Escapades in the Caucasus” was published in Russia, authored by E. Khamar-Dabanov, the pen name of writer Ekaterina Lachinova. The events described in the novel unfold between 1838 and 1842. Despite the information spread in society about the Caucasian War, the Russian writer remained with unanswered questions: Why was the Russian army engaged in this conflict, and what drove them to wage war against the Caucasians? Why did the war persist endlessly, despite Russian successes and the subjugation of certain Caucasian peoples? Under the pseudonym E. Khamar-Dabanov, Ekaterina Lachinova undertook a truly courageous act by publishing a novel that revealed the darker aspects of the Caucasian War: cruelty, bureaucratic incompetence, theft, violence, and the cowardice of Russian officers and officials. E. Lachinova’s work – a novel-pamphlet full of bold ideas – was a challenge to the king and his entourage. The author painted a ruthless portrait of vulgar, repugnant, selfish and hypocritical individuals. Through the stories in her novel, she exposed the incompetence of the imperial administration, the lawlessness and corruption of officials, and the mediocrity of generals and officers. The literary works of these and other 19th-century Russian writers serve as invaluable sources for understanding the geopolitical and cultural dimensions and context of the Caucasian campaigns. They illuminate nuanced insights of the region’s history through the perspectives of both the conquerors and the conquered.Item ტიფლისიდან ერივანამდე: ეკატერინა ლაჩინოვას უცნობი ხელნაწერი(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2025-04-23) კანდელაკი, დალი / Kandelaki, DaliThe essay “The Road from Tiflis to Erivan. Erivan in 1839. The Monastery of Etchmiadzin”, written in 1839 by Ekaterina Lachinova (1810–1896), is a unique historical and literary source that reflects the social, political, and cultural environment of the Caucasus region in the late 1830s. The writer resided in the Caucasus between 1836 and 1840 with her husband, General Nikolai Emilianovich Lachinov of the Separate Caucasian Corps. Her close connections with high-ranking civil and military officials allowed her to observe regional events and imperial policies firsthand. Lachinova is also known by her pseudonym, “E. Khamar-Dabanov”, under which she published the novel-pamphlet “Escapades in the Caucasus“in 1844, a kind of chronicle of the military events of the Caucasian War. The essay, originally written in Russian, was translated into French by the author herself and gifted in May 1840 to the English traveler Anne Lister (1791–1840) during her stay in Tbilisi. In 2022, this manuscript was discovered in the British National Archives by Russian art historian Olga Khoroshilova and translated it into Russian. It was subsequently published in 2024 by literary scholar Valentina Malakhova in the book “Gorodishko”. E. Lachinova’s essay has not been translated into Georgian and is unknown to representatives of the scientific field. The writer provides a detailed description of her journey from Tbilisi to Erivan, depicting the natural landscape, settlements, and architectural monuments along the way. Special attention is given to the description of the Sardar’s Palace in Erivan, the Monastery of Etchmiadzin, and Armenia’s historical heritage in general. The author recounts the history of Erivan Fortress, which was captured by the Russians from the Persians in 1827, and extensively characterizes Sardar’s Palace, which at the time housed the Russian imperial administration. Of particular note is the Mirror Hall, decorated with portraits of shahs and Persian heroes. The essay also includes an episode about Emperor Nikolai I’s visit to Erivan: Ekaterina Lachinova discovered a framed inscription embedded in the wall of the former Sardar’s Palace, protected under glass, which read: “Nikolai, October 5, 1837.” She notes that the Armenians preserved this inscription under glass, attributing great significance to it. E. Lachinova describes her visit to Erivan’s mosques, one of which had been converted into an arsenal, while the other remained in use. She was unable to visit Geghard Monastery herself but recounts its description based on local accounts. On her journey to the Monastery of Etchmiadzin, the provincial governor assigned her an escort of twenty Muslim horsemen. The writer provides a detailed description of the monastery’s architecture, library, printing house, theological seminary, refectory and cemetery. She saw portraits of the Russian Emperor, General Golovin, Prince Paskevich, and Baron Rosen displayed in the monastery gallery. Traveler also recounts her meeting with the 80-year-old Catholicos and attended a religious service, which she describes as a blend of Greek Orthodox and Catholic traditions. The essay also mentions the memorial dedicated to Russian officers who perished defending Etchmiadzin from the Persians in 1828. Additionally, the writer describes the region’s economy, noting cotton and rice as the principal products of Armenia’s province. Ekaterina Lachinova’s work is an important source for studying the history of the Caucasus in the 19th century, Russian imperial policy, and the cultural heritage of the region’s peoples. Her text, to some extent, contains elements of imperial propaganda – portraying Russian administration in a positive light while sometimes approaching local culture with a superficial perspective. Nevertheless, this essay occupies a significant place not only in travel literature but also among historical sources on the region. It not only complements other contemporary works about the Caucasus but also highlights Ekaterina Lachinova’s keen observational skills and literary talent.Item Congress of the Roman Frontier Studies/Limes Congress XXVI September 8-14, 2024 Batumi, Georgia(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024) Phiphia, Natia; Dundua, TedoItem International Scientific Conference “Georgia and European Integration: Past, Present, Future” December 22, 2023(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024) Tavadze, Leri; Dundua, TedoItem Towards New National Identity of Georgia(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024) Tavadze, LeriItem У истоков грузино-литовских межгосударственных взаимоотношений (1494 г.)(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024) Джавахишвили, НиколайItem Euro-Asian Transit and Georgian Finances(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024) Dundua, Tedo; Avdaliani, EmilItem Georgia’s Fully Convertible Currencies(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024) Dundua, TedoItem Georgia es una vía de paso cómoda para el petróleo asiático hacia la industria europea(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024) Dundua, Tedo; Avdaliani, EmilItem ეკატერინა ლაჩინოვას აკრძალული წიგნი: XIX საუკუნის კავკასიური ომის ისტორიები(2024-11) კანდელაკი, დალი / Kandelaki, DaliThe novel pamphlet “Escapades in the Caucasus” was published in Russia at the beginning of 1844. The author, Ekaterina Lachinova, was the wife of Nikolai Lachinov, the general of the Caucasus Separate Corps. The author chose the pseudonym E. Khamar-Dabanov (inspired by the Khamar-Daban mountains in Siberia). The work revealed the behind-the-scenes stories of the Caucasian War in the late 30s and early 40s of the 19th century to the general public. Immediately after publication, almost the entire edition of the book was destroyed. Emperor Nicholai I remarked about the book: “We know nothing about the Caucasus, and this lady opens our eyes”. The military minister, A. Chernishev, despite his objective evaluation, expressed his anger: "This book is all the more harmful because every line in it is true!" What provoked such government outrage? The novel exposed the incompetence of the imperial administration, the arbitrariness and corruption of officials, and the mediocrity of generals and officers. The Author revealed the unvarnished truth about the Caucasian War, details of which were meticulously hidden by Russian high officials. The book portrayed the unembellished reality, raising unanswered questions within Russian society: What was the Russian army truly fighting for? What motivated them in their conflict with the Caucasians? Why did the war drag on endlessly if the Russians claimed repeated victories and even subjugated some Caucasian peoples? How were the ranks of the mountaineers replenished despite heavy casualties in every skirmish? The book illuminated these mysteries, highlighting the lack of unity in government actions in the Caucasus. Each chief pursued his own policy and conducted his own war. The military leadership found this truth undesirable as they recognized themselves in the characters of the work. The events and personalities depicted in the Novel-Pamphlet were based on real-life examples. Lachinova did not always change the names of the individuals involved. She condemned the senselessness of the war in her novel. The book was published in Leipzig in 1846, in German under the title – "Muscovites and Circassians". Making information about this unjust and aggressive war accessible to European readers. In Russian, the book saw its second publication during the Soviet era in 1986 and is now considered a bibliographic rarity.Item References of Foreign Authors of XVIII – XIX Centuries about Iberia(Ltd InterprintGeorgia, 2024) Kandelaki, Dali / კანდელაკი, დალიReferences made by foreign authors during the 18th and 19th centuries provide insights into the nomenclature of Georgia and its various regions. The opinions expressed by these travelers and scientists exhibit a range of perspectives. While some identify "Iberia" with Kartli, others associate it with Imereti or the entirety of Georgia. Although these historical accounts lack comprehensive details, each author attempts to contribute to the understanding of Iberia's history and to introduce the reader to it. Noteworthy interpretations are presented by Jacob Reineggs, Johann Adam Bergk, Georg August von Breitenbauch, Alexandre Dumas, Charles-Paulus Bélanger, Marjory Wardrop and other authors.Despite the limited number of references, it is evident that foreign authors of the 18th - 19th centuries held diverse opinions regarding the nomenclature and origins of Georgia and its regions. Their interpretations often involved connecting ancient accounts with contemporary circumstances, subjecting some to critical evaluation. XVIII - XIX საუკუნეების უცხოელ ავტორთა - მოგზაურთა და მეცნიერთა - ნაშრომებში არაერთი ცნობა გვხვდება ზოგადად საქართველოს და ქვეყნის ამა თუ იმ მხარის სახელწოდების შესახებ. მრავალფეროვანია მათი მოსაზრებები: ზოგისთვის „იბერია“ - ქართლია, სხვებისთვის - იმერეთი ან მთლიანი საქართველოს აღმნიშვნელი სახელი. მათ არ მოყავთ ყოვლისმომცველი და ამომწურავი ინფორმაცია იბერიის შესახებ, მაგრამ თითოეულ ავტორს აქვს მცდელობა შეავსოს არსებული სიცარიელე ამ საკითხზე და მკითხველს გააცნოს საქართველოს წარმოშობის და მისი სახელწოდებების ისტორია. საინტერესო ვერსიებს გვთავაზობენ - იაკობ რაინეგსი, იოჰან ადამ ბერგკი, გეორგ აუგუსტ ფონ ბრაიტენბაუხი, ალექსანდრ დიუმა, შარლ-პაულუს ბელანჟე, მარჯორი უორდროპი და სხვა ავტორები.მოყვანილი მცირე რაოდენობის ცნობების საფუძველზეც კი შეგვიძლია დავასკვნათ, რომ XVIII - XIX საუკუნეების უცხოელ ავტორებს ჰქონდათ განსხვავებული მოსაზრებები საქართველოს და მისი ამა თუ იმ მხარის სახელწოდების და წარმოშობის შესახებ. ხშირად ისინი ანტიკურ ავტორთა ცნობებს თანამედროვე ვითარებას უკავშირებდნენ და ზოგ მათგანს კრიტიკულადაც აფასებდნენ.Item ახალგაზრდა მეცნიერთა V საერთაშორისო სიმპოზიუმი ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებებში. შრომები(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024)Item The Silence of Singing Birds: Music as a Sign of Human and Animal Feelings in Folktales(2024-10-09) Gogiashvili, Elene; Jvania, NinoItem The Screen Transformations of the Folktale Type ATU 901 The Taming of the Shrew(2024-05-24) Gogiashvili, EleneItem Fairy Tales in Georgian Theatres for Young Audiences(2024-06) Gogiashvili, EleneItem საგმირო-საისტორიო სიმღერა „ხევსურები გორის ბრძოლაში“(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024-02-14) მამისიმედიშვილი, ხვთისო / Mamisimedishvili, KhvtisoA significant part of poetic texts and prosaic narrations about King Erekle was written down in the second half of the 19th-early 20th century, about a century after the heroic king’s life and work. Thus, although there are many artistic elements, mythological archetypes and anachronisms in the narrations of King Erekle’s cycle, these texts still provide an opportunity to restore historical reality. The stories related to the hero king could not completely pass into mythology. The verses of the cycle of Erekle II, depicting the battles under the leadership of the king, are distinguished by greater reality, because some of them are created according to the testimony of eyewitness to the battles of King Erekle. In the poetic and prosaic texts depicting the battles of King Erekle, an unmistakable sense of authenticity is created by the specific geographical environment where the battle took place, by the abundance of toponyms and microtoponyms. The folk verses of this cycle, outstanding fighters and public heroes are presented with their names and various ways of confirming their identity, which further strengthens the reality of the narrative conveyed in the text. The song of the heroic-historical genre “Khevsurians in the Battle of Gori”, which has reached us in several versions, tells us about the events of 1744, one of the episodes of the battle of King Erekle against Givi Amilakhvari and Usuf Pasha. The verses consist of several parts. The verse “Khevsurians in the Battle of Gori” is an extremely important folk work. It presents important details of the relationship between King Erekle and Khevsurians; sacred elements of the traditional existence of the military-religious society of Khevsureti; the identity of the Khevsurians fighting under the flag of King Erekle; the circumstances of the Battle. The poem enriches our knowledge of Khevsurian oral tradition. It is true that this folk work depicts the participation of the Khevsurians in the Battle of Gori, but it is possible that elements of other battles were also included in it, which is evidenced by the tragic end of the poem. Actually, it is known that the battles of Gori and Surami ended with the victory of King Erekle. On the one hand, the poem can be created with the genre characteristics of the traditional Khevsurian heroic “song”, according to which heroic songs always end with the death of the hero. On the other hand, as an oral text, it may have been influenced by the dramatic events of the Krtsanisi War, and the mournful finale of the poem was formed later.Item ქართული ტერმინი „ჯვარი“ კავკასიის ენებში – ონომასტიკური და ლინგვოკულტუროლოგიური ასპექტები(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024-02-14) ბარამიძე, ცირა / Baramidze, TsiraThe report analyzes the Georgian term “jvari” (cross) in the lexicon of the endogenous and exogenous languages of the Caucasus, as a loan from the Georgian language, which has found wide distribution in the onomastics of the languages of the Caucasus. The term “jvari” from Georgian (for example, from Dvaluri Georgian) has acquired a wider meaning in Ossetian, it contains several semes; According to V. Miller, Ossetian ʒuar-i (< Old Georg. ǯuar-i ) is sometimes an old chapel or church, which over time became a pagan place, sometimes - a mountain cavern, wood, tree, stone, but the Christian church had a special glory, its uins (the most famous Dzuaris are Rekom and Mikaligabrita in the valley of the Tsei-Don River. “ʒuar-i ” standing on Tatar-Tup mountain on the border of Ossetia-Kabardo, as well as a stone church with residential cells, named “švidi ʒuar-i ” in the Aul at Galiati cemetery... The term “jvari” has been introduced from Georgian into all languages of the Caucasus (in Circassian - ǯor, Kabard. zor/ žor , Balq. zor , Abkhaz. (in the language of the Apsua) aʒar-ǯuar , Ingush - ʒxarg and others). The term “jvari” in the named languages acquires several basic meanings, creates semantic fields; the starting point for all differentiated meanings is the dominant meaning “cross”. The widespread distribution of the term in one way or another is connected with the spread and functioning of the Christian religion in the North Caucasus. The report analyzes the extralinguistic and linguocultural aspects of the term “cross” along with the linguistic aspects; the onomastic material related to the term “jvari” is analyzed, which shows the principles of naming and the characteristics of these principles, which motivated this or that complex, composite names related to “jvari”, for example, in Mtskheta), Yusʒuari (the name of a church in the village of Galiat, Ossetia), the fortress of cecxlisǯuar-i (is at Jvari Pass), ǯuartxel-i (Jvari Pass), Lasharisǯvar-i (top.), Davitsǯvari (top.), ǯvarpatiosa-i (church in Telovani Village), Vashliǯvari (top.)... ǯvarismama (church in old Tbilisi), cxraǯvar-i (church on the border of Imereti and Racha, near the Nakerala Pass), ǯvarisʒal-i (in Guria, associated with it are representations of a flame that sits on a tree after coming down from the sky, and also refers to an outstanding man) alenǯixa ǯvar-i , Mamkoda ǯvar-i, Xorga-ǯvar-i (top. Top village in Guria), Tavvakiǯvar-i (nearby, at the end of Vakisǯvari village, where there is a church of the Exaltation of the Cross –ǯvarta - maγleba ). Cross - “a symbol of the Christian cult” (Explanatory dictionary of the Georgian language, VIII: 1580), ǯuari “this is a stake for the death of dead men” (Saba 1993: 464), ǯvari (Mgr.) “cross” (Kipshidze 1914: 412); Abkhazian a-ǯar “cross” comes from the forms ǯar (Svan.) “cross” (Topuria 2000: 889); P. Uslar points out that the word in Abkhazian is borrowed from Georgian; A-ǯarsax˜a “face of the cross” (Janashia 1954: 447); Abkhazian composite (both parts) entered from Georgian (Lomtatidze 1999: 25). cf. ǯvarsaxe (Mgr.) “cross-section” (Kobalia 2010: 738); the cross is included in Abazian: ǯar “cross” (Abrl 1967: 210), in Adyg. it is a mule, in Kabard. it is in the form of a žor ( Shagirov 1989: 139). In composite toponyms, a logical-conceptual connection must be established between the bases: when one of the bases of a complex toponym is an actual physical-geographical object, the second base must correspond to it materially and in terms of content, but there is rarely a case when the mutual agreement (conceptual agreement) of the bases is violated, for example, Madi-ǯvar-i, Vaš liǯvari.. . This should indicate that these and similar illogical toponyms have experienced significant changes and that it becomes difficult to restore their original form, or to determine the causes of illogicality.Item „ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა კრიზისი” და თანამედროვე გამოწვევები(ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2024-02-14) ხუციშვილი, ქეთევან / Khutsishvili, KetevanHumanities are the foundation of all sciences. Although the term has been established since the Middle Ages, its meaning was changing over time. In the era of postmodernism, humanitarian sciences include those academic disciplines that are focused on the process of giving the meanings to the world and interpreting it through the research of individual historical or social phenomena. Humanitarian fields are the foundation of value systems. However, in the modern world, which is focused on economic profit, humanities seem to have lost their importance. The loss of interest to humanities is due to the fact that funding opportunities are decreasing; the number of young people in the academic space is automatically declining. Governments also consider it more profitable to direct funds to those disciplines that develop technologies or provide immediate material results. Scholars started to discuss the “crisis of humanities”. The analysis of the issue is multifaceted. Researches (both qualitative and quantitative) have already been conducted or are underway in various countries. At the same time, efforts were made to make humanities interesting again. On this way, content and technological renewal of the programs is ongoing. New directions are emerging (digital humanities, public humanities...). The academic debate is underway. Some scholars consider the thesis about the crisis to be exaggerated; they are directing their focus on the methodology of statistical data collection and analysis. Others consider the crisis as a real process and try to develop new strategies with the involvement of the wider society and decision-makers, and above all to justify the great importance of humanities in the way of further development of humanity. Humanities contribute to the development of critical thinking, the conscious use of comparative and relativistic approaches, and the accumulation of fundamental knowledge. These are the components without which we will get such a consumer society, the members of which can become “technically good performers” just as the element of the mechanism, which raises the danger of unconditional establishing of an authoritarian hierarchy. It is necessary to involve our society in these debates, because a large number of the current social and political problems are created precisely because of the lack of analysis of broad contexts and discourses, simply not seeing and understanding them. In this way, the education system, proper teaching methodology and the knowledge of current debates will be given crucial importance.