მეთოდოლოგიური და ტერმინოლოგიური პრობლემები თანამედროვე ქართულ გრამატიკულ ლიტერატურაში და მათი დაძლევის გზები (ფორმისა და შინაარსის ურთიერთმიმართებისათვის)
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Date
2024-01-08
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
1. The subject-matter of the research and study of grammar, as
one of the branches of linguistics, is the study of the word and its
relation with the content.
2. Unlike the mono-personal verb of European languages, the
Georgian poly-personal verb is a “sentence in miniature” in itself due
to the alternation of subjective and objective person markers and
vowel prefixes which make orientation between grammatical persons.
3. The research of Georgian poly-personal verb according to the
“model” of the Thracian grammar have gaven rise to many essential
methodological and terminological problems, which are still unsolved.
Among them is the problem of “Voice category”.
4. Until today, in university grammar courses and school textbooks
of the Georgian language, verbs of the R-(th.suf.) -ი -i
structure are qualified as “passive”, “passive voice verbs” verbs, when
they actually have an active content.
5. In connection with this problem, quite a number of articles
have been published: including my articles – “Tradition and Authoritarianism
in Georgian Grammatical Literature”, “Dogmatism in Grammatical
Literature” and others.
6. The structural analysis of the entire verb material in the
eight-volume explanatory dictionary of the Georgian language showed,
that verbs of the ა- a-/ ი- i-/ უ- u-/ ე- e- R(th.suf.) -i -ი
structure (ვ-ი-მალ-ებ-ი v-i-mal-eb-i “I am hiding”, ვ-ე-მალ-ებ-ი v-emal-
eb-i “I am hiding myself from him/her”, ვ-ე-ლაპარაკ-ებ-ი v-elap’arak’-
eb-i “I am speaking with him/her”, ვ-ე-ჩხუბ-ებ-ი v-e-čxubeb-
i “I am fighting with him/her”, ვ-ე-ჯაჯგურ-ებ-ი v-e-jajgur-eb-i “I
am shaking him/her/it”, ვ-ე-მზად-ებ-ი v-e-mzad-eb-i “I am
preparing for something”, ვ-ა-ხტ-ებ-ი v-a-xt’-eb-i “I am jumping on something”, ვ-ა-ცხრ-ებ-ი v-a-cxr-eb-i “I am attacking him/her/it”
etc. . .) clearly have an active content (their subject is active) and,
therefore, their qualification as passive verbs is unfounded.
Abbreviations:
R – Root; th. suf - thematic suffix
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სამეცნიერო სესია, მიძღვნილი აკადემიკოს ვარლამ თოფურიას ხსოვნისადმი, მასალები, თბილისი, 2024, გვ. 3-6 / Scientific Session Dedicated to the Memory of Academician Varlam Topuria, Proceedings, Tbilisi, 2024, pp. 3-6