ონიმთა ინფორმაციულობის მცირე მაგალითი
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Date
2024
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
In the lexical fund of every language, the proper names and surnames of people occupy an important and very special place. Not infrequently, with an anthroponym-patronym or toponym found in a historical document, it becomes possible to study some historical episode of ethnos, to determine who lived in this or that place many years ago.
Most of the anthroponyms have come down to us from ages long past. Almost every name contains information about the time and place of its origin. The fact that onomastics has been separated into a separate field of linguistics is due to the genesis and functional- informational specificity of proper names, which rarely happens when studying a logical class with linguistic status. In many cases, anthroponyms are indispensable material for determining the semantic variation, grammatical structure and etymological origins of words.
The anthroponyms has always been open to borrowings, and that's why foreign proper names appeared next to national proper names in all languages. Kartvelian languages are no exception. The establishment of foreign names is related to religion, political situation, literary influence, economic-cultural relations, people's contacts, etc.
That is why there are so many Jewish-Greek-Roman names in the Kartvelian area, the spread of which is due to the establishment of the Christian religion. Persian, Arabic, Turkic names are the result of historical relations. The layer of European names is relatively late - XIX-XX centuries. Proper names of oriental origin have been identified and studied by Georgian orientalists of different generations.
It is the early stage of anthroponymization, which is named according to one or another characteristic of a person. Many words denoting physical structure, hair color, habitual defect or dignity became a nickname, then a name and in this way got into the root of the surname. This nomination characterizes all anthroponymic systems without exception. Cf.: Georgian /grʒeli/ ‘long’, Hebrew Admoni 'red', Turkish Kara 'black', Russian Белый 'white', German Klein 'small', ets.
In the report, we present the linguistic research of three surnames – Burnusuzashvili, Parmaksizashvili, Parlagashvili – in the following way:
The surname formant of all three family names - /-shvili/ - is Georgian; All three surnames are from the patronymic of Jews from Akhaltsikhe; At the root of all three surnames are Turkish word forms:
Turk. burun 'nose' + /-suz/ (affix of not having); burunsuz 'noseless'; /burnusuz/ +/- a/ (Georgian anthroponymic affix) + /-švili/ (Georgian surname formant);
Turk. parmak 'finger'+ /-sız/ (Turk. affix of not having ); parmaksız ‘ fingerless’; /p’armaxsiz /+/-a/ (Georgian anthroponymic affix)+/- švili/ (Georgian surname formant);
Turk. parlag 'glossy'; /p’arlag +/-a/ (Georgian anthroponymizing affix)+ /-švili/ (Georgian surname formant);
The material of two ethnoses belonging to these surnames – Turkish and Georgian – is a manifestation of the third – Jewish – ethnos.
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ეძღვნება პროფესორ თინათინ მარგველაშვილის ხსოვნას (1924 – 2006) / Dedicated to Memory of Prof. Tinatin Margvelashvili (1924 – 2006)
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აღმოსავლეთმცოდნეობა №13, თბილისი, 2024, გვ. 79-83 / Oriental Studies №13, Tbilisi, 2024, p. 79-83