წმ. არსენ იყალთოელის ეპიტაფიის პოლიტიკურ-სახელმწიფოებრივი და სახისმეტყველებითი ღირებულების შესახებ
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Date
2024-02-14
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
In St. Arsen Iqaltoeli’s epitaph dedicated to Davit Aghmashenebeli,
two versions of which are spread in the sources, several important issues
are raised. These are: political, ideological, religious-worldview, facial expressions.
The epitaph is completely symbolic and allegorical, it evaluates
the merit of the king to Georgia and the Georgian nation for preserving
and unifying the independence of Georgia. The report discusses the
epitaph options and their main purpose. His first poem has two different
variants in terms of content: 1. “I am the one who hosted twelve kings in
Nacharmagevi”, which is verified in the text of “King’s Court Deal”, and
which was published in 1920 by Eqvtime Takaishvili, and 2. “I am the one
who hosted all the seven kings in Nacharmagevi.”
The first option involves hosting the twelve kings in Nacharmagevi,
the residence of the kings of Georgia. It is of a religious-worldview character
and, presumably, it is guided by two allusions-symbols: 1. The New
Testament, which is based on the symbolic understanding of the sacrament,
especially since the epitaph talks about the breaking of bread,
which finds a direct analogy with the sacrament (Math. 26, 20- 48; Mark.
14, 17-29; Luk. 22, 14-38; Io. 13-17 chapters). The epitaph is mainly guided
by the political context and can be understood from a political-ideological
and state point of view, but a religious-worldview is undoubtedly implied
in it; 2. The wisdom of the Old Testament is also reflected in the
twelve kings, in which the episode of Jacob and his twelve sons can be
considered and which can be called a story-history.
In relation to the second option, two types of understanding have
been formed in the scientific literature from a symbolic-allegorical point
of view: 1. The one expressed by Mose Janashvili, which implies hosting
the foreign kings in the palace of the king of Georgia and their names are
listed; but it is not clear whether the context referred to these kings fighting
together or not; in general, this view raises many questions; 2.
Expressed by Akaki Khintibidze, according to this line should mean the
reconciliation of Georgian chiefs. When sharing the second option, the question arises, whether the content of the line means the sevenfold titles
of Georgian kings, which can mean the composition of seven kingdoms
of Georgia: the king of Abkhazians, Kartvelians, Ranians, Kakhetians
and Armenians, Sharvansha and Shahansha, of which the last two
were gained by Davit himself.
The second part of the epitaph, “Turks, Persians and Arabs have
washed me outside the borders” is of political content and the opinion
expressed in it indicates Davit Aghmashenebeli’s fight against foreign invaders,
which is expressed by the phrase: “Turks, Persians and Arabs”,
which finds a kind of parallel with the myth of Amiran and enters the text
with the symbolism of the enemy. This expression unites the entire Eastern
world as a hostile force, which, along with political support, also indicates
belonging to another religion. It should also be said that despite
the unanimity, Byzantization was also unacceptable for Georgia, but this
is not indicated in the epitaph.
The third line “I am the one who let fhe fish of eastern waters swim
in western waters” refers to the unification of the country; the symbol
and metaphor of fish and water is noteworthy. Water, as life-giving and
spiritually cleansing, evokes the association of epiphany, and fish, as a
symbol of the savior, indicates the path of spiritual development of mankind,
including Georgians. The unification of Eastern and Western Georgians
is the result of the nation’s spiritual development.
The last line of the epitaph – “Here lies the one who performed all
these mighty deeds” - is a reflection of the tradition related to the death
of a person and an expression of Christian faith.
Written in low shire measure St. Arsen Iqaltoeli’s epitaph summarizes
and appreciates Davit Aghmashenebeli’s achievements and merits
before the statehood of Georgia and the Georgian nation. It reflects his
struggle for strengthening the independence of the country and unifying
it with rare brevity, as well as poetic images, using the poetic form with
which he expressed the spirit of the Georgian nation.
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თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის დაარსებისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია. თსუ 106, თეზისები, 2024, გვ.: 95-99 / Scientific conference dedicated to the foundation of Tbilisi University. TSU 106, Abstracts, 2024, pp.: 95-99