ეტიუდი გრაკლიანი გორიდან
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Date
2024-02-14
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
The inscription of the 10th century B.C. found on Grakliani Hill (“B”
inscription) is still a subject of great interest, and therefore its evaluation
requires careful and measured research. Its graphic analysis once again
indicates that we are dealing with a special case from the point of view
of the introduction of writing, because one part of the Grakliani signs
shows a certain similarity with Aramaic. And here we face a factual case,
because the oldest Aramaic inscription - Guzan (Syria), dates back to 850
BC. However, there is a well-founded opinion of the distinguished German
researcher Klaus Bayer that perhaps a variant of Aramaic writing
system “was formed in the 11th-10th centuries BC somewhere in the
East”. I am far from the opinion that Klaus Bayer meant necessarily Georgia
(this is not evident from his works), but his extraordinary logic cannot
be ignored. The archaeological context of the inscription reveals a tendency
towards the cultures of the western part of the Near East (local
Iberian weight standard unit, Neo-Assyrian technologies, chronological
concurrence of economic and intellectual innovations).
Due to this, the question of the genesis and deciphering of the Grakliani
still remains open. Nevertheless, based on the archaeological context
(a two-headed idol of a goddess, sacrificed grains) and ethnographic
material, it can be assumed that the inscription is a prayer dedicated to
the dominant of this chapel - the Great Mother of Gods. The idol had a
separate dedication on the northern wall (“A” inscription, of which only
three letters survived). “B” (central) inscription may begin with the words
“Holy Barn”. Graphically, these two inscriptions are completely different
from each other.
There are archaeological finds on Grakliani Gora that create a clear
picture even at a glance (the introduction of writing, the flourishing of
iron production, the introduction of Neo-Assyrian technologies, etc.) –
10th c B.C. Georgia has entered another phase of prosperity, synchronously
with the most advanced regions, and continues its intellectual ascension.
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თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის დაარსებისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია. თსუ 106, თეზისები, 2024, გვ.: 57-59 / Scientific conference dedicated to the foundation of Tbilisi University. TSU 106, Abstracts, 2024, pp.: 57-59