ხელოვნების ისტორიასა და ხელოვნებათმცოდნეობას შორის: საგანმანთლებლო დებატები XIX საუკუნის დასასრულისა და XX საუკუნის დასაწყისის გერმანიაში და მათი მნიშვნელობა ნაციონალური ხელოვნების ისტორიის ფორმირებისათვის საქართველოში (1918-1921)
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Date
2025
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
The paper deals with the politics of art historical research and addresses the problem of conflict between academic research, nationalist policies and the changing political situation in Europe and Georgia in the last decade of the 19th and the first decade of the 20th century, which helps to gain an insight on its importance for the creation of national art history in Georgia during the short lived First Democratic Republic (1918-1921).
The first part of the essay discusses the contrasting pedagogical views of art historians in the context of German academic and intellectual history and shows how the different approaches in art history was itself prompted by two issues: how to teach the students in the lecture halls and how to deal with the growing research materials emerging from both: Western and non-Western areas during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The later caused a problem for a discipline fixated esthetically on the classical Greek civilization. The education debates signaled the need to adopt new methodological principles a ‘scientific’ approach which provided a legitimization for the former humanistic art history (Kunstgeschichte) to become the more objective Kunstwissenschaft. In the context of contemporary politics in Germany the paper discusses how the academics in the humanities wanted to develop pedagogical instruments that would counteract a prevailing trend towards unspiritual (geistlos) scholarship divorced from education (Bildung).
The second part of the essay discusses how the rise of academic art history overlaps with the emergence of national movements, especially stressing the political aspirations of previously oppressed ethnic communities. Concerned with questions of heritage and identity, along with the writing of art history and the canon formation of the discipline this part of the paper shows how the national art history can be seen not only as a scholarly practice and discipline, but also an institution in almost political sense inevitably serving the demands of the present. It intends to offer insights into a formation of Georgian art history with special emphasis on its German connection and analyzes its foundation as a university discipline during the creation of the First Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921) in an international context.
The research shows the intellectual parallels and connections between the founder of Georgian art history, G. Chubinashvili (1885-1973) and the scholarship of some key figures in Germany of this period – especially of the Swiss-German art historian H. Wöllflin (1864-1945). The main focus of the paper is to outline the complex process of an adaptation of a transported academic discipline and its methods which was intended to lead to better understanding of the national past, the discovery and formation of a national artistic canon, and affirmation of the identity of the Georgian nation as well as an international understanding of Georgian culture and Georgian political interests. This was particularly important at the time of political crisis between the foundation of the first Democratic Republic of Georgia and its dramatic change in 1921 to the Soviet republic of Georgia. The paper illustrates which scientific and political factors played a key role to determine the adoption of specific art historical texts, methods and approaches in a time when art historical scholarship made a significant contribution to the formation of ideas of national identity.
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https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/180-shromebi-21.html
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები შესულია ERIH PLUS-ში (The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences) /
This journal was approved on 23.10.2024 according to ERIH PLUS criteria for inclusion.
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XXI, თბილისი, 2025, გვ. 455-480 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XXI, Tbilisi, 2025, p. 455-480