საქართველოს ადმინისტრაციულ-ტერიტორიული მოწყობის საკითხი XX საუკუნის 20-იან წლებში
Loading...
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
On February 25, 1921, Soviet power was established in Georgia. After that, it had to experience all conceivable and inconceivable experiments that were carried out in the country by the Soviet totalitarian regime. Soon after the establishment of Soviet power, the idea arose that the Soviet socialist republics of Transcaucasia were unable to ensure their existence independently and that they should unite into a unified federal republic. On March 12, 1922, a conference of representatives of the authorities of all three Transcaucasian republics was held, where a union treaty between the republics of Transcaucasia was approved. After that on December 10 of the same year, the Federative Union of Transcaucasia, which had existed until that time, was transformed into a unified federal state called the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.
The advisability of creating such an artificial state was the subject of serious debates within the ranks of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself. In Georgian Soviet historiography, this event is assessed as a great historical phenomenon. Georgia was part of this state entity for almost 15 years. Many issues related to the functioning of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic have not yet been studied. Including issues related to the existence of borders within this new federal state in 1922-1936. The object of the study of this article is the issue of the internal administrative-territorial structure of Georgia in 1921-1925. From the very first years of the establishment of Soviet power in Georgia, it became obvious that the existing administrative division of the country is not able to promote the solution of political and economic tasks and needs faced by the country.
After the emergence of new realities, it was necessary to bring the national economy and administrative management of the country into maximum compliance. The new administrative-territorial division was based primarily on economic factors. At the same time, attention was also paid to issues related to the national peculiarities of the country.
A. Kaladze notes as follows: "The administrative structure of the country on a basis of raions had a very pragmatic significance. The division of the republics into the smallest administrative units ensured a high level of totalitarian rule. The communists acted according to the well-known principle of such ancient conquerors as the Roman Empire and others - divide and conquer."
Such administrative policy was primarily directed against the Georgian population. It was necessary to erase from the consciousness of Georgians their national identity and the memory of their historical roots. This ultimately had to lead to the creation of a new type of person and, if you like, a new nationality – the Soviet people.
The administrative-territorial division in the years 1921-1936 was a rather complex and dynamic process. During this period, the administrative structure of Georgia underwent significant changes, which were due to political and administrative reforms carried out by the leadership of the Soviet Union.
The purpose of these changes was to establish a strict control over the population and economy of the country. During this period, the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara, as well as the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast were created. This was part of the Soviet Union's policy for managing small ethnic groups.
Description
https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/180-shromebi-21.html
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები შესულია ERIH PLUS-ში (The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences).
This journal was approved on 23.10.2024 according to ERIH PLUS criteria for inclusion.
Keywords
Citation
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XXI, თბილისი, 2025, გვ. 382-397 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XXI, Tbilisi, 2025, p. 382-397