საიქიოს მესამე ქვეყნის დაბადება
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2009
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Abstract
The article deals with the study of monograph of a famous French historian, Jacques Le Goff - The Birth of Purgatory, which was printed in Paris in 1981. In the cited work is discussed an important problem of the Western Christianity, such as the change of the other world picture (hell-paradise) with a new one (hell-purgatory-paradise). According to Jacques Le Goff purgatory as the space and time was formed between 3th-12th centuries and was connected with the redemption of some sins after death by purifying fire. It was the faith of temporal punishment, where souls of those who have died without mortal sin can expiate their venial sins by temporary suffering before enter heaven. The faith of purgatory was born in practice: suffrages of the living by prayers, alms and other good works for the salvation of their souls who have died. The Biblical dossier of purgatory (which was denied by the most of heretics in the middle ages and Protestants) consists of four texts: 1.In the Old Testament: The sacrifice ordered by Jude Maccabeus for the redemption of sins of the soldiers who died in battle (II Mac. XII, 41-46); 2.In the New Testament: a. The text from the Gospel according to Matthew which mentions about forgiving sins in a next world (Matthew XII, 31-32); b. The passage from the Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, which describes the purification of some category of sinners after death quasi per ignem (so as through fire) (I Corinthians, III, 11-15), text of Saint Paul which was the object of the most comments in the middle ages; c. The history of the poor Lazarus and the rich man (Luke, XVI, 19-31). According to Jacques Le Goff Abraham’s bosom described in the Gospel was the first Christian incarnation of purgatory. The idea about an intermediate place and time of the other world on a theological level appeared with refrigerium (refreshing place) of Tertullian, while the ideas of Clement of Alexandria and Origen have no posterity in Greek Christianity. Veritable Fathers of purgatory St.Augustine and Gregory the Great laid down theoretical foundations to the doctrine of purgatory rejected by the Eastern Church during the debates of the 12-th century. Between 1170-1180 in Latin appeared the noun purgatorium, which practically was the birth of purgatory as the determined place. In the 13-th century purgatory have well installed in the Western Christianity: on a dogmatic level in the letter of Innocent IV (1254) and in the reports of the second Council of Lyons (1274) within the union of Latin and Greek Churches; On a theological level with integration of purgatory in the great theological systems; And in believers, on a mass level, by sermons and the exempla. At last the poetic triumph of purgatory - The Divine Comedyof Dante, where the third place of the other world settled down between hell and paradise.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324574255_Rusudan_Labadze_The_Birth_of_the_Third_Country_of_the_Other_World_in_Georgian_with_English_summary
https://www.academia.edu/36430145/Rusudan_Labadze_The_Birth_of_the_Third_Country_of_the_Other_World_რუსუდან_ლაბაძე_საიქიოს_მესამე_ქვეყნის_დაბადება_pdf
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ისტორიისა და ეთნოლოგიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, IX, 2009, გვ. 337-346 / The Proceedings of the Institute of History and Ethnology, IX, 2009, pp. 337-346