საბჭოთა კავშირის, დიდი ბრიტანეთისა და საფრანგეთის სამმხრივი მოლაპარაკებები 1939 წლის გაზაფხულსა და ზაფხულში და მათი ჩაშლის მიზეზები

Abstract

The seizure of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 created a new political situation in Europe. The negotiations began between Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. In a few months, they ended in failure for which the parties blamed each other. The Soviets stated that the French and especially British delegations lacked the credentials to sign the agreement. The British argued that the Soviets were insincere and while conducting the talks with the British and French, they were also negotiating with the Germans. There also were the Soviet demands regarding the Baltic States and transferring the troops to Poland and Romania, which were unacceptable for other parties. Recently, there evolved a viewpoint among the Western scholars that the Soviet Union wanted to create the system of the so-called “Collective Security” and that the talks failed because of the anti-Communism of Nevil Chamberlain and Édouard Daladier and their lack of trust in the sincerity of the Soviets. Of course, these scholars correctly evaluate the views and attitudes of the British and French Prime Ministers, but they are erroneous regarding the true aims of the Soviet Union. The correct analysis of all existing sources shows that the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin had his own goals and would sign an agreement only with that side who would meet all his demands. Thus, the system of the so-called “Collective Security” was just Soviet propaganda and Stalin was not interested in it. The alliance with Germany was much more suitable with his plans to Sovietize the whole world. This can be seen in his speech made before the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU on 19 August 1939. It was followed by the termination of talks with the British and French delegations on 20 August 1939 and the signing of the pact with Germany on 23 August 1939.