სიბრძნის ტაძარი თუ აზროვნებაზე აზროვნების აკადემია
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Date
2024-02-14
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
Ancient philosophical thought preceded the ideas of the Enlightenment
by a millennium. “Enlightenment’s program was the disenchantment
of the world; liberating human beings from fear and installing
them as masters” (Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno).
The education system is the firstborn of antiquity. Various subversive
actions for the birth of free thought were carried out in different
schools and academies. What happened in ancient schools or academies?
Universities are formed in the Middle Ages. What is a university? Is it
a temple of knowledge or wisdom? University means community. It was
the union of a teacher and a student (universitas magistrorum et scholarium).
In the Middle Ages, university schools were mostly established at
the cathedrals.
Traditionally, the “university” is a place for searching and establishing
the truth, as well as a place of joint research-study, and the truth,
as “man’s deconstructive necessity”. In the new era, the new mission of the new university was based on
the idea of unity of teaching and research. The university was simultaneously
an educational institution and a scientific-research corporation.
The philosopher Jaspers considered the university to be the place
where the knowledge of the age is most clearly manifested. Where seeking
of truth is carried out in the name of truth itself. The seeking of
truth is the prerogative of a person as an independent individual (the
idea of Jaspers University).
It should be said that in 1852, John Henry Cardinal Newman wrote
the first book “On the Idea and Function of the University”, where the holistic
understanding of the university is preserved. For him, the university
is a European phenomenon. He considers the “studio general” conceived
in Europe in the late Middle Ages to be its predecessor. We are talking
about “liberal arts”, understood as non-pragmatic disciplines. Literally
translated, it means “free art”. Even Aristotle gave us its definition, the
so-called Trivium and Quadrium.
After that, the discourse of the entire university idea moved to the
thinking space of philosophers, it is interesting why and what caused
this.
Traditionally, three stages of the development of the university idea
are allocated, which we consider wrong.
The Socratic education established in antiquity turned out to be a
carrier of much deeper thought and remains a solid methodology till today,
because it is not based on fixed doctrines and is always in search of
new ideas. In terms of the idea of such education, the student and the
teacher are on the same level. The main ground here is the “idea of
freedom”. That is why “university education is inherently Socratic” (Karl
Jaspers).
According to Kant, independent thinking means seeking the highest
measure of truth in yourself (in the mind) (Immanuel Kant).
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თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის დაარსებისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია. თსუ 106, თეზისები, 2024, გვ.: 112-115 / Scientific conference dedicated to the foundation of Tbilisi University. TSU 106, Abstracts, 2024, pp.: 112-115