დასახლების ფორმები და ინდივიდუალური კარ-მიდამოს მოწყობა სამეგრელოში (წალენჯიხის მუნიციპალიტეტის მაგალითზე)
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Date
2023
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
The types of settlement and arrangement of country estates have been
changing over time in Samegrelo. Tsalenjikha municipality reflects these
changes fully. While plentiful elements appeared in the 20th and beginning of
the 21st centuries, historical forms of settlement still remained popular.
Settlement types vary and depend on the relief of the specific village.
Settlements were mostly located in or near forests before the Soviet era, while
later changes brought better infrastructure and improved transportation,
subsequently resulting in the appearance of settlements near constructed roads.
Some people still prefer to live on hills that are not very connected to new
roads. However, most of the people now live in settlements close to roads.
Settlements near rivers are rare but still exist.
Places of settlement have also changed; people have migrated as a
result of new building projects like the construction of Enguri Dam. In other
cases, people moved and settled in abandoned or desolated places for different
reasons.
The morphology of the settlement is also varied; some are patronymic,
while others are more urban and have a mixed population—people of different
origins live there. Modern patronymic settlements are monogenous—people
with one family name and, in some instances, even of the same clan—live there
together.
The arrangement and forms of country estates are also diverse in the
municipality, as they are in the rest of Samegrelo; some estates have one floor,
while others have two floors. Different additional buildings connected with
agricultural and other economic activities are also present. They are as follows:
1) Jargvali: a house built from logs, now used for storage; 2) Bagh: a small building for keeping corn; 3) cow-house; 4) hen-house; 5) Patskha: a wicker
house, etc. Some estates also have small buildings used for rituals called
"Khvama,” which have pre-Christian shades and are usually practiced
individually by families. The historical form of a house is an Oda-house, which
still stays popular; however, the majority of them were built more than a century
ago–at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. Two-story
houses in the 50s and 70s of the 20th century were built with stone and wood;
the first floor was built with stone and concrete, while the second was
constructed with wood, mostly with material from chestnut trees. Post-Soviet
houses are even more diverse; they combine elements of different ages and bear
some novelties as well.
Description
https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/178-shromebi-19.html
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XIX, თბილისი, 2023, გვ. 414-444/ Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XIX, Tbilisi, 2023, pp. 414-444