ისტორიულ პირებსა და მოვლენებთან დაკავშირებული ხალხური ტექსტების თავისებურება
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Date
2023
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
The Georgian people have created a thematically rich and genre-diverse folklore regarding historical persons and events. Unlike official historiography, folk texts do not convey a single historical process, since they attribute the events of the past to only a few historical figures or kings, which led to the cyclical nature of these types of literary works.
Folklore is an artistic creation, and in it characters sometimes go far beyond their prototypes. Although the legend of Davit Agmashenebeli (Builder) is about the construction of a Christian temple, the text about the suppression of an evil force uses an ancient Zoroastrian archetype as a plot. As we can see, the folklore tradition did not account for the true heroic deeds of Davit Agmashenebeli and created his mythological biography.
The folk poem equipped King Tamar with the attributes of a Demiurge and thus reactualized the ancient cosmogonic myth. Tamar’s confrontation with the sea is reminiscent of the myth of the battle between the God and the Sea Monster of ancient peoples. In folk texts, historical heroes undergo a kind of metamorphosis, and they become mythological heroes with connections to supernatural forces.
Although the youth of Erekle II is well known from historical sources, his boyhood is represented by folk poetry with mythological archetypes. Like mythological heroes, King Erekle is an orphan, an abandoned child. Somewhere, in the sacred space, a deer feeds him with its own milk, and finally a hunter finds the prince thrown into a straw.
Unlike the ordinary heroic epics, in which the action takes place in an indefinite time and space, the events told in historical songs and legends are in contact with reality. In the imagination of the people historical orality patterns are real, because very real persons act in specific geographical settings, and these texts are often sacred because the main characters are ascribed supernatural qualities.
The characters of the cycles created in the later period did not manage to turn into mythological heroes, and the historical events could not be fully integrated into the category of mythical actions.
Samples of historical oral folk are extremely important for the study of Georgian culture. Folklore clearly shows how the collective consciousness perceives historical persons and events, how people look at the history of their country. Historical songs and tales provide valuable material for the study of archetypes and ancient poetic forms, since, as research has shown, historical persons and events in folk-literature are created according to mythological schemes, traditional models and ancient archetypes.
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https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/178-shromebi-19.html
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XIX, თბილისი, 2023, გვ. 113-129 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XIX, Tbilisi, 2023, pp. 113-129