Browsing by Author "Kulac, Onur"
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Item A Blueprint of Turkey’s Covid-19 Policy(2020) Babaoglu, Cenay; Kulac, OnurIn 2020 a new worldwide pandemic, which was named as Covid-19 started in Wuhan/China and affected deeply different regions rapidly. In the process, governments have devised various roadmaps and policies to combat the pandemic. To this end, various measures have been taken, and several restrictions have been imposed on citizens, especially curfews. Turkey has been one of the most affected countries in terms of the number of cases from the Covid-19 pandemic. The Turkish government and the citizens played a major role in keeping pandemic under control with their efforts and devotion. In this context, regulations have been made in many policy areas, especially health. New hospitals have been established, their work patterns have been changed, and Covid-19 focused preventive, and treatment studies have been carried out. Besides, economic support packages were announced, social arrangements were made, and education policies were changed. Also, personnel policies were reorganised, and new social policies were implemented. During this period, Turkey sent protective equipment, health equipment and health technologies to different countries free of charge under international aid. Crowdfunding and crowdsourcing campaigns that took place within the country have also been successful at both local and national levels. Turkey has performed successful process management in this process and has come forward as a best practice with its low spread and mortality rates during the epidemic. Therefore, the policy in Turkey needs to be scrutinised, to draw lessons for new cases. The foremost aim of this study is to analyse the policies made in the pandemic process in Turkey. In this context, responses and the initiatives of the official policy actors will be analysed. On the other hand, unofficial and international actors contributing to the pandemic process will be examined. Later on, the roles and effects of think tanks and street- level bureaucrats will be discussed. While analysing the Covid-19 policy Turkey, the decisions taken during the process will be handled within the framework of the decision-making approaches in the literature. Moreover, it is aimed to have a comprehensive policy analysis by given priority the concepts of policy transfer and lesson drawing. This study reveals that Turkey's policies regarding the pandemic process are based on some of the fundamental aspects such as coordination, public relations, usage of technology and task distribution.Item Incremental Policy-Making in Public Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2021-06) Babaoglu, Cenay; Kulac, OnurCoronavirus disease, which began in 2019, has been identified as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization as of March 2020. During the pandemic, many regions -first in East Asia, then the Middle East and then Europe- had to struggle with this crisis. In the COVID-19 pandemic, which has emerged as a medical-based problem, governments have primarily focused on health policies. During the pandemic, problems in health systems, especially in Italy and Spain, have triggered new measures in many countries and changes in health policies. In this direction, Turkey first gave priority to activities in preparation for the epidemic and then gave weight to measures for hospital infrastructure and health workers. In addition to health equipment such as ventilators, efforts were made to produce protective and preventive health equipment during the initial stages of the epidemic. During this period, city hospitals opened through public-private partnership were also crucial in combating the epidemic. On the other hand, new policy topics such as vaccine production, vaccine supply and vaccination have also been raised in the following periods. Turkey, which had to develop policy practices in different titles during three different peak periods of the epidemic, has followed partial successful process management as a country that sometimes needs to be exemplified and sometimes lessons learned in these studies. In this context, Turkey's decisions on health policies during the pandemic period will be examined with an incremental policy process approach, and good and bad practices will be discussed through lesson drawing. It aims to examine Turkey's practices in different peak periods in terms of their results and draw conclusions about future outbreaks. The implementation processes of the Influenza Plan of Turkey preparedness plans prepared before 2019 encourage who will also be discussed in terms of their results. It is thought that the study will be a comparison with other country examples in terms of discussing the effectiveness of the policies produced by the example of Turkey, which has a large-scale, densely populated and central administrative structure.Item Public E-Procurement Policy of Turkey within the Context of EU Integration(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Kulac, Onur; კულაჯი, ონურPublic policy is a set of legal practices of the governments in an effort to offer effective solutions to addressed problems and social needs. Even though the public policy-making process is primarily the responsibility of the official policy actors in the countries, international actors generally have massive impact on the various national policies. The European Union (EU) is one of the prominent international organisations that play crucial roles in shaping the policies of member and candidate countries. Since Turkey has a long history of affairs with the EU, it is possible to observe the effects of the EU on the policies of Turkey. Regular progress reports for Turkey, which have been prepared since 1998, are the main indicators, that allow us to find out and analyse the determinations of the EU about the various policies of Turkey. Especially in the last two decades, Turkey carried out plenty of reforms with the aim of creating a functional public administration system. With the spread of globalisation, the expectations of citizens have risen, and innovation in the public sector has become mandatory in order to provide citizens with more accessible public services. In this context, Turkey launched its e-government gateway for the purpose of having a portal for e-government services both on central or local government services levels. Thanks to this, Turkish citizens have online access to numerous public services through the e- government portals of the various government bodies. Thus, it is ensured that the public services have become more practical, efficient and reliable. The public procurement policy of Turkey has become a significant part of public administration with the increase in the volume of public services. Moreover, public procurement is one of the essential chapters covered in regular progress reports. Turkey established the Electronic Public Procurement Platform in 2010, so as to maintain the integration with the EU and comply with the acquis on public procurement. By doing so, the priority was given to e-procurement system and processes. The most important aim of this study is to examine the e-procurement policy of Turkey by analysing regular progress reports, national actions plans, the programme for alignment with acquis, and e-procurement regulations. The study reveals that although the public procurement policy of Turkey is not yet in line with the EU acquis, the progress in e-procurement practices has been promising from a number of aspects.