რუსეთის არმიის დეზერტირები XVIII საუკუნის საქართველოში
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Date
2019
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Abstract
In the 18th century Georgia the Russian military corps was present in
1769-1772, 1783-1787 and 1796-1797. In 1770 soldiers of the Russian army
were around 4000. As we know from the primary sources, the Russian soldiers
frequently used to desert the army in this period. This was mainly caused by
hardship and lack of discipline. During recalling the entire Russian corps from
Georgia their remaining number was about 2000. Hence, as a result of military
campaign the Russian corps lost almost 2000 soldiers. The part of those troops
died in the battles, some others fall victim of various diseases, but large portion
of troops simply deserted the army. The most of renegade soldiers remained in
Georgia while few others could left Georgia and went to neighboring countries.
New wave of the Russian deserters appeared in 1796-1797. Document
materials demonstrate that the soldiers are deserting the Russian army in East
Georgia. At that time several hundred militaries deserted the Russian corps.
Erekle II king of Kartli and Kakheti helped and sheltered the renegade
Russian soldiers. This was caused by following reason: as we know, in the 70s
of 18th century field artillery was established in Georgia. Erekle II made a lot of
efforts to create that artillery in Georgia. Artillery corps needed not only funds,
but qualified artilleryman as well. King invited the Georgians from Russia and
even sent some young Georgians to Russian Empire to study artillery. But the
lack of qualified personnel was obvious. The Russian deserters were used to
solve that problem.
Documents confirm that the Russian deserters served in artillery corps
of the Georgian army and similar to local militaries they also had salaries. The Georgian government had obligation to satisfy them with commodities, clothes
and living spaces.
Erekle's measures were against the interests of the Russian Empire,
hence the Russian officials and even Emperor requested from Erekle to cease
protection of the Russian deserters and they demanded to send those people
back in Russia. Despite that Erekle always acted in accordance with his interests
and ignored these demands.
Description
https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/174-shromebi-15.html
Keywords
ტოტლებენი, სუხოტინი, დეზერტირები
Citation
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XV, თბილისი, 2019, გვ. 292-303 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XV, Tbilisi, 2019 pp. 292-303