"დარბაზის" არსებობის საკითხისათვის XI-XIV საუკუნეების საქართველოში
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Date
2017
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Abstract
According to widespread opinion in the Georgian historiography,
“darbazi” was the royal council that was assembling during the certain periods.
Of course, word “darbazi” has another meaning as well and this fact is
recognized by all researchers. Ivane Javakhishvili was the first who thoroughly
researched the issue of “darbazi”. According to his opinion, “darbazoba”
(meeting of darbazi) was held with the presidency of king. The members of
darbazi had the special name and they were called as “people of darbazi”
(darbazis eri). From this term “darbaiselni” (honored, gentle, genteel) was
originated. Two types of “Darbazoba” were known: 1. with “major rule”; 2.
with “minor rule”. King was responsible to order which kind of darbazoba he
wanted in specific case… darbazoba with major rule was the banquet
ceremony… supposedly, darbazoba “with minor rule” was operative state
council… darbazoba was held for the discussion and decision of important state
matters and for the ceremonial feasts as well. It decreed the following: laws and
the highest justice; issue of announcement of war; at least during the rule of
Tamar matter of appointment of high officials”.
Ivane Javakhishvili’s opinion was shared by the most researchers of later
period. But among the Georgian historians we see also the different opinion
(Ilya Antelava, Nodar Shoshiashvili) that “darbazi” as royal council never
existed. It is important to establish raison d’être of “darbazi”. A lot of matters of
political system of the united Georgian monarchy are connected with this issue.
Narrative sources that we possess do not include accounts that could
firmly establish the existence of “darbazi” as royal council. Some sources could
be interpreted differently in order to prove the existence of “darbazi” as royal
council. Legal texts are more important than narrative sources, namely, legal
code of Giorgi V the Brilliant and a legal code of Beka and Aghbugha. The
latter includes almost nothing about “darbazi”. Giorgi V the Brilliant’s legal
code includes the passages about “darbazi”, but it hard to make any explicit
decisions while analyzing them, everything depends on the interpretation. Term “darbazi” in this document could be royal court, royal palace, but also we could
assume royal council as well. “The Regulation of the Royal Court” is not an
official legal document but it is the main source to study the Georgian political
system of this period. We agree with those researchers who consider the 2nd half
of the 13th century as a date of composition of this text. Term “darbazi” is
mentioned eleven times in “The Regulation of the Royal Court”, but this
document does not allow us strict definition of its meaning.
In the royal charters of the Georgian kings “darbazi” as royal council is
not attested. Acts issued by Bagrat IV and Giorgi III and preface of legal code
of Giorgi V the Brilliant preserves the accounts that make us to think that only
those persons were assembling with the king for discussion and council who
were responsible for the particular matter. Presumably, there was no established
royal council with defined members. Shota Rustaveli’s “The Knight in the
Panther’s Skin” is important source for the study of the Georgian political
system. The poem frequently mentions word “darbazi”, but never as a word for
the council.
In conclusion we should assume that there are no direct accounts which
would verify the existence of “darbazi” as an official royal council. But still we
have some historical sources which could be interpreted as such. At the same
time it must be admitted that sources preserve accounts that directly contradict
existence of “darbazi” as official council. Hence we agree with those
researchers who think that “darbazi” never was the official council of a king.
Description
https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/169-shromebi-12.html
Keywords
დარბაზი, სამართლის ძეგლები, ბექა-აღბუღას სამართალი, ძეგლისდება
Citation
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XII, თბილისი, 2017, გვ. 130-155 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XII, Tbilisi, 2017, pp. 130-155