ქართულ-ოსური ურთიერთობების ნეგატიური ასპექტი: ოსთა თარეშები შიდა ქართლში
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Date
2012
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
მერიდიანი
Abstract
Important ethnic and demographic changes took places from the 15th-16th
centuries in the northern historical-ethnographic parts of Georgia: in East
Kakheti Georgians were substituted with Daghestanians, migration of Adigeian
tribes in North-West part caused cultural transformation of local Abkhazs, old
Abkhazs were replaced with new Abkhazs, and in the central part, first in
Dvaleti and then in the highlands of Shida Kartli, in the Eastern part of Truso
and Racha (in Kudaro) the representatives of the Ossetian ethnic group were
settled.
The present work deals with the raids of Ossetians (which have migrated
from North Caucasus to Georgia) in the central part of Georgia. Local Georgian
highlanders moved to live in the front part of the highlands and lowland in
groups. Their migration was caused by two reasons: 1. Muslim invasions in the
lowlands formed demographic crisis – Georgian highlanders used to settle in the
villages abandoned by Georgians. 2. Migration of Georgian highlanders in the
lowlands was accelerated by the raids of North Caucasians as well.
The ethnic groups locked in the North Caucasian mountains usually were
engaged in raids, which was their professional activity; they robbed both one
another and the highlanders of Georgia. Ethnic Ossets managed to settle in the
provinces of the Georgian highlands just through such raids. After settling in the
Georgian highlands, Ossetians did not stop raiding and robbing the Georgian
population of the front mountain part and lowland of Georgia. They also took
Georgians as hostages and then sold them or made them their slaves.
There are more than one facts fixed in the Georgian historical sources and
historical documents, in regard of the raids of Ossetians, which were settled in
Dvaleti and Shida Kartli, conducted by them in front mountain and lowland
part. There exist many ethnographic and folklore data as well. The Ossetian
legends also exist on the Ossetians’ raids in Shida Kartli. Ossetian writer Kosta
Khetagurov wrote about robberies and slave kidnapping by Ossetians in the Shida Kartli villages: “In case of special trust and good attitude the owner of
the Ossetian house (sakla) can show you several silver articles: heavy forged
belt, cup, ladle, ancient coins and similar “treasure”, which he got from his
ancestor after the raiding of the property of some Georgian prince”.
German authors of the 18th and 19th centuries Johann Anton Güldenstädt
and Eduard Eichwald also wrote about the Ossetians’ raids. The Ossetians’ raids
continued till mid-19th century. Though by the mid-19th century period the
Russian Tsarist authorities suspended the raids of Ossetians living in the
mountains, in the second half of the 19th century the robbing of Georgians still
continued. More than one publications are published in the Georgian press of
that period. That the main area of Ossetians’ raids was Georgia is proved by the
Ossetian term “Gurdziak”, designating a slave.
Description
https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/146-shromebi-5.html
Keywords
ოსები, თარეშები, მიგრაციები
Citation
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, V, თბილისი, 2012, გვ. 146-172 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, V, Tbilisi, 2012, pp. 146-172