ისტორიული მეთოდოლოგია და ეთნოლოგიური კვლევები. HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Loading...
Date
2022-07-14
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
The question of the intersection or relation of the research interests
of history and ethnology is an accompanying topic to the process
of establishing ethnology as a scientific field. The development
of scientific methodology in the twentieth century, the expansion of
areas of interest, and empirical innovations were accompanied by a
revision of methodological and theoretical approaches. Differences
in ethnological (anthropological) schools and traditions have led to
the emergence of different approaches in the English, German and
French speaking spaces.
The theoretical development of the field in the English-speaking
world was influenced, on the one hand, by the historical particularism
of Franz Boas and, on the other, by the approaches of Bronislaw
Malinowski and Alfred Radcliff e-Brown, who drew a sharp line
between ethnology and history. They considered the socio-cultural
phenomena from a functional point of view, and were perveiving the
historical descriptions only as a bearer of the function of historical
legacy of the present. Historical anthropology was developed in Germany.
The main research question was the reconstruction of history,
criticizing the connection of history only with the written sources.
The ethnohisory as a specal field was etablished from the 60s of the
twentieth century in Vienna, under the leadership of Hirschberg. This
filed is on the edge of the historical and ethnographic studies. Ethnohistorical
studies are based on both historical and ethnographic
data and approaches. Ethnohistorical research is based on the analysis
of written sources and documents. The French-speaking space
was influenced by the historical school of the Annals, which focused
on the everyday life and ordinary people. Attention was drawn to the
microhistory. Such traditions have determined the urgency of historical methodology.
The historical dimension has become more important to
modern anthropology since the 1980s because it allows the analysis
of similarities and differences of social life in historical or genealogical
contexts and makes possible the accumulation of the comparative
knowledge about human existence. Using a historical methodology
in historical ethnology means retrospecting the past from
modern cultures, thanks to the cultural memory of the people living
today, their oral histories, historical sources and documents. The
goal of the historical reconstruction should be to restore the whole
context and not its fragments. Contexts change over the time. Consequently,
historical continuity must not sought in the continuum of
the same categories, values, or motives, but in the logic of transformational
processes. Therefore the reconciliation of synchronic and
diachronic approaches is the most effective for holistic analysis of
the past or the present.
Based on the above metioned, it can be said that the issue of
strict definition of research areas is not relevant today and the shift
of attention to this issue indicates the existence of the other types
of problems within the specific scientific circles.
Description
Keywords
ეთნოლოგია, კვლევის მეთოდოლოგია, ისტორიული მეთოდები, Ethnology, Research Methodology, Historical Methods
Citation
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტი, აკადემიკოს მარიამ ლორთქიფანიძის დაბადებიდან 100 წლის იუბილესადმი მიძღვნილი XVI საფაკულტეტო სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია, თეზისები, თბილისი, 2022, გვ.: 299-303 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Faculty of Humanities, 16th FACULTY SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE IN HONOUR OF THE 100th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF MARIAM LORTKIPANIDZE, Abstracts, Tbilisi, 2022, pp.: 299-303