ერთი ტოპონიმის ეტიმოლოგიისათვის
Date
2022-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
The Caucasus region has been attracting the attention of world
scientists for a long time. Cultural and linguistic relations between
peoples clearly leave traces on the ancient vocabulary, which has not
been fully studied.
Even today, it remains a question mark in science as to where the
original habitat of the aboriginal peoples of the Mediterranean could
have been. The ancient culture of the Mediterranean Sea reaches the
Caucasus. In science, there is an opinion about the kinship relationship
between the Georgian and previous Greek tribes. Borrowings from
languages whose speakers must have come to the Caucasus from
the south are recorded in the Georgian languages. Thus, the ratio of Mesopotamian – (pre-) Greek lexical encounters is also significant,
which also points to the South-Eastern Anatolian origin of the ancient
Aegean languages.
According to the recognition of foreign scientists, many terms or
names, which are related to the Georgian languages and directly to the
Megrelian language, have entered the Greek language from the languages
of the previous Greek tribes – the Pelasgians or others. Scientists do not
dispute that Greek and Pelasgian are different languages. The presence
of Pelasgian words in the Megrelianlanguage also indicates the ancient
connections of the Colchian kingdom. The previous Greek geographical
names are connected to the Kartvelian world, where these tribes lived
or the Pelasgian population was spread.
More than one ancient source informs us about Aegean migrations
in the Caucasus in the Mycenaean era. There were such migrations before
and after Troy. The ancient Aegean migration to Kolkheti is described
by E.Corinfell. Connections of Pelasgian and Colchian population can
be seen with many ancient Greek poets. Old sources also refer to
Makrisians as Pelasgians.
After this brief overview, let’s move on to the geographical name
“Nakhuturu” found in the toponymy of Samegrelo, which is interesting
to us. Time changes everything, and at the same time, researchers’
views on this or that issue also change. In the “Collection of Historical
Geography of Georgia” published in 1964, Guram Grigolia’s article “For
the explanation of one toponymic name of ancient Samegrelo” was
printed. The author points out that the toponym “Nakhuturu” can
be found in Anaklia, Ganmukhur, Kulevi and Poti, and everywhere it
is a name of the area where the cemetery is located. The researcher
believes that this toponym is derived from the Russian word “khutor”.
To confirm this, he cites the relationship between Cossacks and Megrels
in the 17th century in the correspondence of Russian ambassadors. The
Cossacks who came to the south by the sea sometimes attacked the
land and water of Samegrelo and raided its coastal villages. More often, the Cossacks marched independently or together with the Megrels to
the Ottoman coast and robbed the population. This article, written in
the deep Soviet period, suggests the existence of Cossack settlements
in the Samegrelo bar, which the population later called “Nakhuturu”
or Nakhutorali (by analogy with Nakalakari (a place where there was
a city in ancient times), Nasofl ari (a place where there was a village in
ancient times)). But here it is necessary to take into account the fact
that similar toponyms are recorded not only in Samegrelo bar, near the
mouths of big rivers, where the Cossacks may have had a temporary
marina called Khutori, but also in the mountains of Samegrelo, where
the Cossacks hadnot even set foot. Today, the place named “Nakhuturu”
can be found in almost all districts of Samegrelo, and according to the
definition of the population, it means “unconsecrated grave.” These
places have not been studied archeologically. The term “Khudar” with
the meaning of a grave is mentioned in Rismag Gordeziani’s book
“Ancient Greek and Kartvelian.” In addition to this word, many other
Kartvelian lexemes have been recorded in this book. In our opinion,
the toponym “Nakhuturu” is derived from the pre-Greek or Pelasgian
term “Khudar”. If we consider “Khudar” as the main base of the research
name, the transition of sounds d t t’ into each other is a common story
in phonetics, and na-.....-u is a prefix-suff ix producing toponyms in
Megruli (Naokhwamu – Nasaqdrali (a place where there was a temple in
ancient times), Najikhu – Natsikhari (a place where there was a fortress
in ancient times) and many others).
Description
Keywords
ტოპონიმია, სამეგრელო, წინა ბერძნული – პელაზგური, Toponymy, Samegrelo, Pre-Greek – Pelasgian
Citation
პროფესორ დავით გოცირიძის 70 წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია, თეზისები, 2022, გვ.: 53-58/ Scientific Conference DEDICATED TO THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF PROF. DAVIT GOTSIRIDZE, Abstracts, 2022, pp.: 53-58