ჯერის, რიგის და წესის სუბსტანციურ-სემანტიკური მიმართებისათვის ქართულში
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Date
2023-01-09
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
I. The aim of the paper is to search for the conditioning factor of the lexical-semantic nest of the Georgian polysemic words: jeri in the meaning “a row, time for something or someone; a rule”, rigi in the meaning of “a rule, time for something or someone; a morality” and tsesi “a rule, a statute; a row, a morality”. Based on the functioning of the crossing semantic units of all the three lexemes to determine the religious preconditions for certain magistral directions within the processes (as forwarding the question).
II. By means of all the three polysemantic units under analysis, partial synonymy is created, in which the substantive-semantical unit “rule” will be represented in three magistral substantive-semantical directions:
1. “Natural rule” (natural events, moral, logical and other factors…) and “canonical rule” (order, decision, decree, moral rules, traditions, also many other juridical or traditional rules… lease, reward, salary, tenant…);
2. “Time and place which are determined by special rules” (breakfast, dinner, supper, other times of having meals… special territory designed for sports events, for physical exercises, playing, such as area, arena, square…);
3. “Obeying the rule, proper implementation of this rule” (in tsesierad “properly”, rigianad “sequentially”, jerovnad, jerarsi “properly”...).
Pure functional-semantic directions, which “border” with the nest of analysis, can be guessed out of the main substantial-semantic directions:
Time factor – “time for something or someone”; “at some time, until a certain time” [semantic fields: “time for something”, “until this time”, “yet this time”, “for this time”...], cf.: jer, jerats, jerjerobit, jer isev, jer kidev, amjerad, imjerad…
Consistency factor – in sequence, regularly, alternating activities, distributing [semo-fields: “first this time and then that (time)”, “row, in turns”, “rule, properly”], cf.: jer, jeri(a), jerit, jer-jerit, jeroba, jeradoba, jereuloba; shejereba, dajereba; rigi, rig-rigit, morigeoba, garigeba, darigeba, chamorigeba…
The factor of protecting and properly implementing the rule – fulfilling one’s own wishes with responsibility and reasonable obedience [semantic fields: “as a rule”, “it is time to…”, “it should be done”, “as needed”, “surely”, “appropriately, properly”, “sequentially”, “believably” (jer-ars, jerisaebr, jerovnad, jerovnebit, dajerebit, dajerebuli, damjeri, damjerebeli, dasajereblad, jer-chinebit, shejerebit, gajereba…), “according to the rule”; and so on); also – “as a rule” (tses-ars), “properly”, “as usual”, do as it must be, as it is a rule (tsesierad, tsesisaebr); –“reliably”, “with belief”, “well-done”, “properly done”, “satisfactorily” (sartsmunod, kmayofa, damakmakofileblad)), cf. of negative connotation: “it is not proper” (ara jer-ars), “not to be done now”, “not appropriate now” (ujeroa), “it is wrong” (urigoa), “out of rule” (aratsesieri, utseso), “careless” (ukuradghebo)…
III. Resulting from the functional-semantical data which is shown in the magistral directions of the lexical-semantical nest represented above, it becomes evident that the substantive-semantic unit “rule” stands out among other units with a high functional-semantical frequency.
Considering the principle of unification of faith and knowledge, it is possible to define an extraordinary Georgian choice of the Georgian lexical “triplet”:
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jeri “row, rule, deal, face, similar, cause”;
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rigi “row, in a row; regulation; rule, turn, habit, participant, line”;
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tsesi “statute law; row, habit, morality, similarity”.
Comp.: editor variations of semantic units – “it is necessary” (< jer-ars) – which are given in the old Georgian manuscripts known as Jruch-Parkhali’s Evangely and of semantic units – “it is a rule” (< tses-ars) of the Adishi Evangely (Matthew 22:17), namely, their Christian legislative, substantive-semantic motivation. Also comp.: Christian-legislative fundamentals of the sacred text revealed in principal directions:
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Time factor: “There is an appointed time for everything, and a time for every affair under the heavens” (Ecclesiastes 3:1) and so on; •
Consistency factor: “But Paul thought it best not to take him, because he had deserted them in Pamphylia and had not accompanied them in the work” (Acts 15:38); “And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph’s kindred was made known unto Pharaoh” (Acts 7:13) and so on;
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The factor of proper implementation and fulfilment of the rule: “But when the
Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day” (Matthew 12:2); “Wherefore ye must need to be the subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake” (Romans 13:5) and so on.
On the other hand, compare especially significant semantic units of all the three lexemes:
a) “Row, rule, order, established, appointed”; b) “law, religion”; c) “persuasion, credibility, convincingness; oath”; d) “fate; believe, trust, obey” and so on.
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ფუნქციური სემანტიკა, სინონიმიკა, ლექსიკოლოგია, რწმენა და ცოდნა, functional semantics, synonymy, lexicology, faith and knowledge
Citation
სამეცნიერო სესია, მიძღვნილი აკადემიკოს ვარლამ თოფურიას ხსოვნისადმი, მასალები, 2023, გვ.: 39-47/ Scientific Session Dedicated to the Memory of Academician Varlam Topuria, Proceedings, 2023, pp.: 39-47