ქართული ტერმინი „ჯვარი“ კავკასიის ენებში – ონომასტიკური და ლინგვოკულტუროლოგიური ასპექტები
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Date
2024-02-14
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
The report analyzes the Georgian term “jvari” (cross) in the lexicon of
the endogenous and exogenous languages of the Caucasus, as a loan
from the Georgian language, which has found wide distribution in the
onomastics of the languages of the Caucasus. The term “jvari” from Georgian (for example, from Dvaluri Georgian) has acquired a wider meaning
in Ossetian, it contains several semes; According to V. Miller, Ossetian
ʒuar-i (< Old Georg. ǯuar-i ) is sometimes an old chapel or church, which
over time became a pagan place, sometimes - a mountain cavern, wood,
tree, stone, but the Christian church had a special glory, its uins (the
most famous Dzuaris are Rekom and Mikaligabrita in the valley of the
Tsei-Don River. “ʒuar-i ” standing on Tatar-Tup mountain on the border
of Ossetia-Kabardo, as well as a stone church with residential cells,
named “švidi ʒuar-i ” in the Aul at Galiati cemetery...
The term “jvari” has been introduced from Georgian into all languages
of the Caucasus (in Circassian - ǯor, Kabard. zor/ žor , Balq. zor ,
Abkhaz. (in the language of the Apsua) aʒar-ǯuar , Ingush - ʒxarg and
others). The term “jvari” in the named languages acquires several basic
meanings, creates semantic fields; the starting point for all differentiated
meanings is the dominant meaning “cross”. The widespread distribution
of the term in one way or another is connected with the spread and functioning
of the Christian religion in the North Caucasus. The report analyzes
the extralinguistic and linguocultural aspects of the term “cross”
along with the linguistic aspects; the onomastic material related to the
term “jvari” is analyzed, which shows the principles of naming and the
characteristics of these principles, which motivated this or that complex,
composite names related to “jvari”, for example, in Mtskheta), Yusʒuari
(the name of a church in the village of Galiat, Ossetia), the fortress of
cecxlisǯuar-i (is at Jvari Pass), ǯuartxel-i (Jvari Pass), Lasharisǯvar-i
(top.), Davitsǯvari (top.), ǯvarpatiosa-i (church in Telovani Village),
Vashliǯvari (top.)... ǯvarismama (church in old Tbilisi), cxraǯvar-i
(church on the border of Imereti and Racha, near the Nakerala Pass),
ǯvarisʒal-i (in Guria, associated with it are representations of a flame
that sits on a tree after coming down from the sky, and also refers to an
outstanding man) alenǯixa ǯvar-i , Mamkoda ǯvar-i, Xorga-ǯvar-i (top.
Top village in Guria), Tavvakiǯvar-i (nearby, at the end of Vakisǯvari
village, where there is a church of the Exaltation of the Cross –ǯvarta -
maγleba ).
Cross - “a symbol of the Christian cult” (Explanatory dictionary of the
Georgian language, VIII: 1580), ǯuari “this is a stake for the death of dead
men” (Saba 1993: 464), ǯvari (Mgr.) “cross” (Kipshidze 1914: 412); Abkhazian a-ǯar “cross” comes from the forms ǯar (Svan.) “cross” (Topuria
2000: 889); P. Uslar points out that the word in Abkhazian is borrowed
from Georgian; A-ǯarsax˜a “face of the cross” (Janashia 1954: 447);
Abkhazian composite (both parts) entered from Georgian (Lomtatidze
1999: 25). cf. ǯvarsaxe (Mgr.) “cross-section” (Kobalia 2010: 738); the cross
is included in Abazian: ǯar “cross” (Abrl 1967: 210), in Adyg. it is a mule, in
Kabard. it is in the form of a žor ( Shagirov 1989: 139).
In composite toponyms, a logical-conceptual connection must be
established between the bases: when one of the bases of a complex toponym
is an actual physical-geographical object, the second base must
correspond to it materially and in terms of content, but there is rarely a
case when the mutual agreement (conceptual agreement) of the bases is
violated, for example, Madi-ǯvar-i, Vaš liǯvari.. . This should indicate
that these and similar illogical toponyms have experienced significant
changes and that it becomes difficult to restore their original form, or to
determine the causes of illogicality.
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თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის დაარსებისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია. თსუ 106, თეზისები, 2024, გვ.: 14-18 / Scientific conference dedicated to the foundation of Tbilisi University. TSU 106, Abstracts, 2024, pp.: 14-18