სოციალისტ-ფედერალისტთა პარტიის საბჭოთა რუსული ეპილოგი – „თვითლიკვიდაცია“ (1921-1923)
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Date
2024
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
The Soviet government initially seemed to have chosen a tolerant political course towards the Georgian political spectrum. On February 25, 1921, the day the invaders entered Tbilisi, the Revolutionary Committee issued a decree on amnesty. The main term provided by the amnesty was the recognition of the Soviet government by the local political parties.
However, the period of tolerance lasted for a couple of weeks. On April 15, 1921, the Extraordinary Commission of Soviet Georgia issued an order effectively banning all activity of political parties. Political parties that did not recognize the Soviet government were forbidden to hold meetings and discussions without special permission. Without a permit, all party gatherings would be imprudently dissolved, and their initiators arrested and prosecuted as conspirators against the existing establishment.
Obviously, the establishment of such strict control over any party, in fact, ban or not, would lead to the limitation of the activity of the parties to a minimum and their eventual dissolution.
After that, the communist authorities of the Soviet Union successively banned the political parties in the country and in individual republics: Social Democrats, Social Democratic Internationalists, Socialist-Revolutionary Maximalists, Ukrainian Evilists, Jewish Bund, Right Socialist-Revolutionaries, etc. The Soviet government itself did not abolish these and other parties but forced them to hold self-liquidation congresses and officially determine the self-liquidation of their parties. According to the established rule, social democrats and national democrats announced their self-liquidation in Georgia, while others generally withdrew from political activities.
The Left Socialist-Federalist Party faced a dilemma: it had to either continue the struggle against the Bolshevik government or dissolve the party and merge into the Communist Party. Leftists chose the latter: ideological, party death, and physical survival.
Left Federalists falsely claimed that they had chosen the path to abolish their own party. On February 21, 1922, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia approved the plan of the Extraordinary Commission of Georgia, which provided for repression against the opposition parties. One of the plenums of the Central Committee of the Communist Party decided that the Socialist-Federalist Party should be liquidated by the hands of the Main Committee of the Party. However, they had to play the scene of voluntariness, as others have done – as if they were abolishing the Party on their own free will, because their ideals completely coincided with the ideals, outlook, and program of the Communist Party.
By September-October 1923, the left federalists were already ready for self-liquidation. This act was preceded by the ideological justification of ideological closeness to the Communist Party. One of the leaders of the party, Tedo Ghlonti, tried to prove that they had more in common with the Communists than with the “Mensheviks” and that their decision to join the Communist Party was a completely voluntary act. It was a falsehood that the Federalists unfortunately had to agree. The great socialist state was beginning the era of large-scale circulation of lies and forgery. The Federalists were forced to join in the frenzy of universal forgery. Otherwise, what happened in Soviet Russia would happen and was already happening in Georgia – repression.
On November 7-8, 1923, the Second Congress of the Left Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party took place. The same Tedo Ghlont admitted with interesting honesty the change in the foreign course of his and still existing federalist party and the forced reality: “We cannot rely on London, Paris, or Washington. We must agree to the slogans thrown by Moscow.” The irony meant the bitter reality that for the communist federalists and for Georgian society in general, there was only one choice – Moscow.
Finally, this forced and painful integration process was completed by the Second Congress of the Left Socialist-Federalist Party with a few-word resolution: “The Congress decided to unite organizationally with the Communist Party.” The victorious Soviet Russian government destroyed the last bastion of the opposition—the left-wing Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party of Georgia, which had been struggling for almost three years and forced it to renounce its existence.
One-party Bolshevik-communist dictatorship was established in the Soviet Union and Soviet Georgia respectively.
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https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/179-shromebi-20.html
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები შესულია ERIH PLUS-ში (The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences) / This journal was approved on 23.10.2024 according to ERIH PLUS criteria for inclusion
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XX, თბილისი, 2024, გვ. 233-257 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XX, Tbilisi, 2024, p. 233-257