საგმირო-საისტორიო სიმღერა „ხევსურები გორის ბრძოლაში“
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Date
2024-02-14
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ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა
Abstract
A significant part of poetic texts and prosaic narrations about King
Erekle was written down in the second half of the 19th-early 20th century,
about a century after the heroic king’s life and work. Thus, although
there are many artistic elements, mythological archetypes and anachronisms
in the narrations of King Erekle’s cycle, these texts still provide an
opportunity to restore historical reality. The stories related to the hero
king could not completely pass into mythology.
The verses of the cycle of Erekle II, depicting the battles under the
leadership of the king, are distinguished by greater reality, because some
of them are created according to the testimony of eyewitness to the battles
of King Erekle. In the poetic and prosaic texts depicting the battles of
King Erekle, an unmistakable sense of authenticity is created by the specific
geographical environment where the battle took place, by the abundance
of toponyms and microtoponyms. The folk verses of this cycle,
outstanding fighters and public heroes are presented with their names and various ways of confirming their identity, which further strengthens
the reality of the narrative conveyed in the text.
The song of the heroic-historical genre “Khevsurians in the Battle of
Gori”, which has reached us in several versions, tells us about the events
of 1744, one of the episodes of the battle of King Erekle against Givi Amilakhvari
and Usuf Pasha. The verses consist of several parts.
The verse “Khevsurians in the Battle of Gori” is an extremely important
folk work. It presents important details of the relationship between
King Erekle and Khevsurians; sacred elements of the traditional existence
of the military-religious society of Khevsureti; the identity of the
Khevsurians fighting under the flag of King Erekle; the circumstances of
the Battle. The poem enriches our knowledge of Khevsurian oral tradition.
It is true that this folk work depicts the participation of the Khevsurians
in the Battle of Gori, but it is possible that elements of other battles
were also included in it, which is evidenced by the tragic end of the poem.
Actually, it is known that the battles of Gori and Surami ended with
the victory of King Erekle. On the one hand, the poem can be created
with the genre characteristics of the traditional Khevsurian heroic “song”,
according to which heroic songs always end with the death of the hero.
On the other hand, as an oral text, it may have been influenced by the
dramatic events of the Krtsanisi War, and the mournful finale of the poem
was formed later.
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თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის დაარსებისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია. თსუ 106, თეზისები, 2024, გვ.: 60-63 / Scientific conference dedicated to the foundation of Tbilisi University. TSU 106, Abstracts, 2024, pp.: 60-63