ქართული სამეფოების საგარეო ვაჭრობა და ქართველი ვაჭრები XV-XVIII საუკუნეებში
| creativework.keywords | ქართველი ვაჭრები, ალეპო, ქალაქები შუა საუკუნეებში, განჯა, ასტრახანი, ერზერუმი, ტურნეფორი, ევლია ჩელები, სამეგრელო, შარდენი | |
| dc.contributor.author | ავდალიანი, ემილ / Avdaliani, Emil | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-01-17T12:35:54Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-01-17T12:35:54Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
| dc.description | https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/179-shromebi-20.html ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები შესულია ERIH PLUS-ში (The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences) / This journal was approved on 23.10.2024 according to ERIH PLUS criteria for inclusion | |
| dc.description.abstract | When examining the trade routes and connectivity in the Caucasus of 16th-18th centuries, the existing historiography mostly pays attention to the commercial activities of Armenians, Indians, Russians and other ethnic groups, with Georgian merchants rarely, if ever, mentioned as a significant trading force. Yet, in 15th-18th centuries, there was a notable activism of Georgian traders. While they may not have reached the influence of the Armenian or Indian diasporas, Georgian merchants appear to have formed a relatively strong trade group spread across the Middle East and some parts of the Mediterranean with a particular geographic focus on the Safavid Iran. This article explores this relatively unknown development by placing Georgian merchants within a broader picture of shifting Eurasian trade patterns caused by trans-oceanic exploration and the rise of Eurasian empires in 15th-16th centuries. The expansion of the network of also highlighted the endurance of the overland trade patterns across Eurasia in 16th-18th centuries over ocean routes. From the 16th century, eastern Georgia was closely involved in the international trade system. Even the invasions of Shah Abbas I and ensuing deliberate cut-off of Kartli and Kakheti from the silk trade did not cause complete decline of these two regions. Indeed, in the difficult 17th-18th centuries, eastern Georgia continued to be actively involved in international trade and Georgian merchants enjoyed close economic ties with Iran, Russia, and the Ottoman empire. For example, during a visit to Moscow at the end of the 16th century, the English merchant Giles Fletcher encountered merchants from Turkey, Persia, Georgia, and Armenia. Georgian merchants also traveled to Constantinople, with one source mentioning a Georgian deacon’s son, a trader in the Ottoman capital, who brought back the remains of famous Georgian king Simon who fought the Ottomans, was brought into captivity and eventually died in the Yedikule fortress in Constantinople. Georgian merchants were also known to travel to Venice, often importing products to Iran. Later, in the 17th century, Georgian merchants actively participated in trade in the Safavid capital of Isfahan, where they interacted with European merchants. In his accounts Olearius, alongside Indian, Armenian, and European merchants, also mentioned Georgians residing and practicing commerce in the Safavid capital. Moreover, the German traveler highlighted the activities of Georgian merchants, putting them on the same level with Armenians. He also made an intriguing observation that might partially explain the reduced prominence of Georgian merchants in the 17th century and beyond: Olearius noted that while Georgian merchants traveled to India and Europe, they were often mistaken for Armenians. Engelbert Kaempfer, a German traveler, in his writings about Georgia, noted that Georgians were among most active traders in Isfahan. It appears that Georgian merchants reached as far as the Persian Gulf, particularly the renowned port of Bender-Abbas established by Shah Abbas. Thomas Herbert, an Englishman visiting Persia between 1627 and 1629, mentioned Georgian merchants in the port alongside other nationalities. Herbert also observed Georgians in Isfahan, where they were less involved in trade compared to Armenians but still were quite active. Elsewhere, the traveler mentioned Georgian merchants alongside western European, Armenian, Indian, and Turkish traders. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის საქართველოს ისტორიის ინსტიტუტის შრომები, XX, თბილისი, 2024, გვ. 92-123 / Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, XX, Tbilisi, 2024, p. 93-123 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1987–9970 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dspace.tsu.ge/handle/123456789/2580 | |
| dc.language.iso | other | |
| dc.publisher | ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა | |
| dc.title | ქართული სამეფოების საგარეო ვაჭრობა და ქართველი ვაჭრები XV-XVIII საუკუნეებში | |
| dc.title.alternative | GEORGIAN MERCHANTS AND COMMERCIAL TIES OF THE GEORGIAN KINGDOMS IN XV-XVIII CENTURIES | |
| dc.type | Article |