ქართული ზმნის უღლებადი ფორმების კლასიფიკაციის პრინციპებისათვის

Abstract

We distinguish three types of diatheses; each of them groups verbs with the same morphological structure and syntactic construction. Diathesis is a grammatically marked category defined by the combination of (morphological) structure and (syntactic) construction. Its semantic subcategory is voice. Voice can not be considered a grammatically marked category of the Georgian verb since the grammatical characteristics of the three semantically marked voices (autoactive [reflexive], [direct and indirect transitive] active, and passive) are shared and distributed in the three diathesis: namely, autoactive (reflexive) and active verbs with ergative construction have the same structure (R-Ø); while passive verbs with nominative construction, as well as active verbs containing an indirect object, and autoactive verbs – they all share the same structure (R-ი). Synthetic forms derived through conversion do not always depict passive semantics. This is why the new independent periphrastic form (consisting of the past objective participle + ‘იქმნა’ auxiliary verb) has been developed: it prevented polysemy and explicitly expressed passive meaning. This historically secondary form (formally distinguished from autoactive and active forms) cannot be typologically attributed to the diatheses so that the diatheses represent the primary system of the Kartvelian verb.